Revised Discrimination Act of 2026
Introduced By: Nuxart (The Birthday Party)
Date: October 31st, 2026
Be it enacted by the Parliament of the Totemian Empire, duly assembled, with the assent of the Emperor, as follows:
An Act to amend the Civil Code of the Totemian Empire concerning equality, civil liberties, public-service accessibility, bodily autonomy, family and institutional safeguards, homelessness, lawful sex work, designated nudity zones, Imperial protection, treason, military desertion and mutiny, and protected state information; to establish related offenses, judicial remedies, and organizational enforcement powers; to provide for Imperial Household administration and Concubine appointments; and for connected purposes.
Section 1: General Discrimination Protections
Title 1 of the Civil Code of the Totemian Empire is amended by inserting Chapter 7 immediately after Chapter 6, Imperial Honours and Orders of Chivalry, and before Title 2, to read:
Chapter 7 - Equality and Protection Against Discrimination
Article 1: Purpose and Application
Section 1: Equal Protection
Every person is entitled to the protections of this Chapter against discrimination on a ground listed in Article 2.
This Chapter addresses historical persecution and exclusion affecting racial, ethnic, and religious minorities, persons with disabilities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex people. It secures equal participation and effective remedies for every person.
Section 2: Persons Bound
This Chapter binds national, subnational, and local public authorities, persons exercising public functions, and private persons and organizations carrying out an activity covered by Section 3.
Section 3: Covered Activities
The protections apply to:
(a) recruitment, employment, pay, working conditions, training, promotion, dismissal, self-employment, and access to a profession;
(b) education, admission, assessment, and access to educational facilities;
(c) the offering, letting, sale, occupation, and management of housing and other premises offered to the public;
(d) goods, services, facilities, transport, healthcare, financial services, and social benefits offered to the public, including through digital systems; and
(e) public administration and access to professional, commercial, and civic organizations, subject to Article 6.
Ordinary private choices of personal friends or intimate partners are outside this Chapter.
Article 2: Protected Grounds and Their Meaning
Section 1: Protected Grounds
The protected grounds are:
(a) age;
(b) race or colour;
(c) ethnic or national origin;
(d) religion, religious belief, or absence of religion or religious belief;
(e) disability;
(f) sex, including pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and intersex variations;
(g) sexual orientation;
(h) gender identity or expression; and
(i) housing status, including actual, former, or perceived homelessness or housing insecurity.
Section 2: Actual and Perceived Characteristics and Association
Protection applies to an actual or perceived characteristic, whether present or past. It also applies where a person is treated adversely because of their relationship with, support for, or association with a person having a protected characteristic.
A protected ground need not be the sole or dominant reason for direct discrimination, but shall be a material reason for the treatment. A claim may concern more than 1 protected ground.
Section 3: Meaning of Disability
Disability includes a physical, sensory, intellectual, cognitive, mental, or neurodevelopmental impairment which, alone or in interaction with barriers, materially limits equal participation. An impairment may be visible or nonvisible, continuous or episodic. A previous or perceived disability is protected under Section 2.
Section 4: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
Sexual orientation includes attraction to persons of the same sex, a different sex or gender, or more than 1 sex or gender, and asexuality.
Protection for gender identity or expression includes transgender and nonbinary people, whether or not they propose, begin, or complete a social or medical transition. Medical treatment or legal recognition is not required.
Article 3: Direct and Indirect Discrimination
Section 1: Direct Discrimination
A person shall not directly or indirectly discriminate against another person in a covered activity. Direct discrimination occurs where a person is treated less favourably than another person is, has been, or would be treated in comparable circumstances because of a protected ground. An actual comparator is not required.
Section 2: Indirect Discrimination
Indirect discrimination occurs where an apparently neutral rule, condition, or practice places persons sharing a protected ground, including the affected person, at a particular disadvantage compared with others.
The person responsible may justify that rule, condition, or practice only by proving that it serves a legitimate purpose and is necessary and proportionate to that purpose, taking account of reasonably available alternatives that would cause less disadvantage.
Prejudice or discriminatory preferences of customers, colleagues, or other persons do not constitute a legitimate purpose.
Section 3: Instructions and Assistance
A person shall not direct, induce, or knowingly provide substantial assistance for discrimination prohibited by this Chapter.
Article 4: Harassment and Retaliation
Section 1: Discriminatory Harassment
Discriminatory and sexual harassment in a covered activity are prohibited. Discriminatory harassment is unwanted conduct related to a protected ground which, through its severity or repetition, materially impairs a person’s equal participation in a covered activity or creates an intimidating, degrading, or hostile environment in that activity.
The court shall consider the conduct’s context, gravity, frequency, effect, and any relationship of authority or dependence. A single sufficiently serious incident may constitute harassment. Mere disagreement, criticism, or expression of a belief is insufficient by itself.
Section 2: Sexual Harassment
Unwanted conduct of a sexual nature is harassment where it meets the test in Section 1. Conditioning a substantial employment, educational, housing, service, or official benefit on submission to sexual conduct is also prohibited.
Section 3: Retaliation
A person shall not threaten, dismiss, disadvantage, or otherwise punish another person for making or supporting a discrimination complaint, requesting accommodation, giving evidence, or seeking a remedy under this Chapter.
Protection does not depend on the complaint succeeding. Knowingly fabricated evidence or allegations are not protected; mistake, insufficient evidence, or an unsuccessful complaint does not by itself establish fabrication.
Article 5: Reasonable Disability Accommodation
Section 1: Duty to Accommodate
A person responsible for a covered activity shall make necessary and reasonable adjustments to remove a disability-related barrier to equal participation where the need is known or reasonably apparent. The affected person shall not be charged for the adjustment.
The responsible person shall consult the affected person and provide an effective adjustment. An equally effective alternative may be provided.
Section 2: Disproportionate Burden
An adjustment may be refused only to the extent that the responsible person proves it would impose a disproportionate burden, having regard to its effectiveness, cost, available resources and assistance, and any substantial safety or operational effect. Assumptions about disability or a preference to avoid inconvenience are insufficient.
Before refusing, the responsible person shall consider effective alternatives and, on request, provide the reasons in an accessible form. An unjustified failure to accommodate is discrimination under this Chapter.
Article 6: Lawful Differences and Religious Autonomy
Section 1: Express Legal Requirements
A specific age limit or other qualification expressly required by law remains applicable. A preference based on a protected ground does not become lawful merely because the person applying it describes it as a qualification.
Section 2: Genuine Occupational Requirements
A distinction concerning employment is permitted only where the person applying it proves that the characteristic is essential to the actual duties, the purpose is legitimate, and the requirement is necessary and proportionate. Reasonable disability accommodation shall be considered before excluding a person.
Section 3: Religious Functions
A religious organization retains authority over its doctrine, worship, rites, religious membership, and the selection and appointment of clergy or other persons performing genuinely religious functions. Religious instruction and clergy training are religious functions.
A faith or doctrinal qualification shall be genuinely connected to the religious function concerned. Describing an ordinary position or activity as religious does not alone establish an exemption; its actual duties and purpose govern.
Section 4: Ordinary Employment and Public Services
Section 3 does not exempt ordinary employment, commercial activity, or goods and services offered to the public, including healthcare, housing, transport, and general education. Those activities remain subject to the discrimination and accommodation duties of this Chapter.
Section 5: Measures Addressing Disadvantage
A necessary and proportionate measure designed to prevent or remedy demonstrated disadvantage connected to a protected ground is permitted. Its purpose, beneficiaries, and continued necessity shall be capable of justification.
Section 6: State Religion
The State Religion is exempt from this Chapter insofar as necessary for doctrine, worship, rites, internal religious government, membership, selection of clergy, religious formation, and religious or ceremonial functions lawfully assigned to it. Its clergy and persons acting in those functions are not required to apply secular staff neutrality to religious teaching, observance, or representation.
Lawful recognition, support, chaplaincy, and ceremonial participation of the State Religion do not alone constitute discrimination. The exemption does not extend to ordinary healthcare, general education, commercial services, or unrelated administrative employment, and does not authorize violence, coercive abuse, or another criminal offense.
Article 7: Civil Proceedings and Remedies
Section 1: Right of Action
A person affected by a contravention may bring a civil claim before a court of competent jurisdiction. An authorized representative may assist or act for that person according to the applicable rules of procedure.
Section 2: Proof
The claimant shall establish, on the balance of probabilities, facts which, if unexplained, support a finding of a contravention. The respondent shall then prove that the conduct did not contravene this Chapter or fell within an applicable exception.
Hostility or an intention to discriminate need not be proved for civil liability where the other elements are established.
Section 3: Available Remedies
The court may grant the following remedies:
(a) a declaration of a contravention;
(b) an order restraining its continuation or repetition;
(c) lawful reconsideration of a decision;
(d) restoration of access or reasonable accommodation; and
(e) compensation for proved financial loss and injury to dignity or emotional distress caused by the contravention.
The court shall identify the conduct requiring correction and give reasons for the remedy. Amounts recovered for the same loss shall be credited against any other recovery for that loss.
Section 4: Responsibility of Organizations
An organization is responsible for discriminatory decisions and conduct of its officers or agents acting within their actual or apparent functions. For harassment by other staff or participants, responsibility arises where the organization knew or ought reasonably to have known of the conduct and failed to take reasonable steps to prevent or stop it.
Personal liability requires the individual’s own participation in a contravention. Holding an office or supervisory title does not alone establish personal liability.
Article 8: Dignity and Equal Treatment in Healthcare and Education
Section 1: Duty and Application
Healthcare and education providers, and their officers, employees, contractors, trainees, and volunteers, shall treat patients, pupils, and students with dignity and respect. This duty applies to public and private hospitals, clinics, community and remote care, schools, universities, and other educational or training services, including admission, registration, and related professional conduct.
Section 2: Socioeconomic Background
Within healthcare and education, Articles 3 and 4 also protect socioeconomic background. This means actual or perceived social class, personal or family income or wealth, occupation, employment status, educational background, housing circumstances, or the social or economic reputation of the area where a person lives or grew up. Protection covers affluent and disadvantaged backgrounds and applies to association as provided in Article 2, Section 2.
Section 3: Mockery and Humiliating Treatment
Staff shall not mock, laugh at, contemptuously imitate, use degrading labels for, or make humiliating or inappropriately personal comments about a patient, pupil, or student. This includes conduct based on a ground listed in Article 2, socioeconomic background, a health condition, or learning needs.
A breach occurs where the conduct, assessed reasonably in its context, demeans the person or subjects them to ridicule or shame. The assessment shall take account of age, vulnerability, dependence, and the professional relationship. A single incident may breach this duty without meeting the severity or repetition test in Article 4. The duty applies whether or not the person is present, including in staff conversations, messages, and online posts connected with the professional relationship.
Section 4: Care and Educational Decisions
A person shall not receive inferior care, unfair assessment, exclusion, or other disadvantage because of socioeconomic background. Decisions shall rest on relevant clinical needs, individual learning needs, fair academic criteria, or another lawful and objectively justified basis. Assumptions about a person’s background or social worth are not a justification.
Clinically necessary questions and discussion, candid educational feedback, proportionate discipline, and ordinary friendly interaction do not alone breach this Article when conducted respectfully. Lawful assistance addressing financial or educational disadvantage remains permitted.
Section 5: Provider Responsibilities and Complaints
Providers shall take reasonable steps to prevent and stop prohibited treatment by staff and bullying by other patients, students, or visitors where the provider knows or ought reasonably to know of it. Providers shall maintain an accessible complaints process, investigate promptly and impartially, preserve relevant records, protect confidentiality, and give a reasoned response. A person shall not be required to complain to the staff member concerned.
Complaints, evidence, and assistance under this Article are protected by Article 4, Section 3. Care, educational opportunity, marks, or access shall not be worsened in retaliation. An internal complaint is not a prerequisite to proceedings under Article 7.
Section 6: Enforcement
Article 7 applies to a breach. The court may also order proportionate staff training, correction of an assessment or service decision, and improvements to complaints or safeguarding procedures. Staff discipline shall follow the safeguards in Title 2, Chapter 4, Article 15, Section 7.
Article 9: Accessibility of Public Digital Systems
Section 1: Application and Responsibility
Every national, subnational, and local public authority, state organ, and person providing a digital service on behalf of such an authority shall comply with this Article. It applies to public and staff-facing websites, portals, electronic forms, mobile applications, and other digital interfaces used to perform public functions, including banking, education, healthcare, identification, parliamentary business, elections, referendums, and recalls.
The authority responsible for the function remains responsible for compliance whether the system is developed internally, purchased, commissioned, hosted, or supplied through an external platform. The use of an external provider does not create an exemption. This Article does not extend the technical standard to an unrelated private activity solely because that activity is otherwise covered by this Chapter.
Section 2: Mandatory Technical Standard
Covered web content shall conform to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1, W3C Recommendation of 6 May 2025, at Level AA, including all Level A and Level AA success criteria and all conformance requirements. The adopted text is available at https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-WCAG21-20250506/.
Conformance shall extend to complete pages and complete processes, including registration, authentication, verification, navigation, data entry, error correction, review, submission, and confirmation. A compliant entry page or selected component does not establish conformance of the whole service.
For mobile applications, non-web software, and electronic documents, the responsible authority shall apply the Level A and AA success criteria to their corresponding content and functions, substituting the application, document, or interface for the web page where necessary. Platform accessibility features and interoperability with assistive technology shall be preserved. Compliance for non-web content shall be assessed against the criteria as applied under this paragraph.
Section 3: Effective and Independent Access
Compliance is a continuing design, development, procurement, and maintenance duty and does not depend on a person first disclosing a disability or requesting an adjustment. No additional charge shall be imposed for accessible access.
Conformance does not extinguish the reasonable accommodation duty in Article 5. An alternative provided while a defect is corrected shall afford effective access without avoidable delay or disadvantage and shall preserve applicable confidentiality, security, independence, and ballot secrecy. An alternative does not by itself establish technical conformance or permanently excuse correction.
Section 4: Verification and Correction
The responsible authority shall verify compliance before first use and after a material change affecting accessibility. Verification shall combine appropriate automated checks with manual testing of keyboard operation, focus, screen-reader use, and complete service processes. An automated score, vendor declaration, or accessibility overlay alone is insufficient.
The authority shall retain internal records identifying the tested system version, scope, methods, findings, and corrective action. A discovered defect shall be corrected promptly, with priority given to barriers preventing access to essential services or the exercise of legal rights.
Section 5: Procurement and Platform Choice
Specifications, commissioning instructions, and acceptance criteria for a covered system shall include this Article. The responsible authority shall obtain and assess evidence of compliance before acceptance or authorization for use. No particular vendor, programming language, framework, or visual design is required.
Election platform choice remains with the National Electoral Administration under electoral law. Every digital voting arrangement remains subject to this Article and to the separate requirements governing eligibility, valid preferences, security, secrecy, verification, and counting.
Section 6: Enforcement
A failure to discharge a duty under this Article is a civil contravention enforceable under Article 7 without proof of hostility or an intention to discriminate. The court may order correction, effective interim access, and further verification, in addition to the remedies otherwise available under that Article. A technical defect alone does not constitute a criminal offense.
Section 7: Implementation and Publication
The duties apply when this Article comes into force. Each responsible authority shall arrange implementation within its existing lawful functions. Internal instructions may explain testing and implementation but shall not waive, reduce, or replace the statutory standard.
This Article does not require publication of an accessibility statement, a public conformance claim, or a dedicated accessibility feedback or problem-reporting channel. Existing rights of action and remedies remain available.
Section 8: Edition and Future Standards
A later revision or replacement of WCAG shall not automatically alter the adopted legal requirements. Any change to the mandatory edition shall be made by an Act of Parliament or Imperial Order identifying the replacement standard, its scope, and its effective date.
Section 1: Staff and Appointed Leadership
Title 2, Chapter 4 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 15 after Article 14, Doctrine of Operative Legal Terms, to read:
Article 15: Professional Standards in State Organs
Section 1: Staff Covered
Staff means civilian employees and administrative officers, Constables and other personnel of the National Gendarmerie and Police Administration, personnel of the Civil Corrections Administration, commissioned officers and other serving members of the Armed Forces, and contractors, trainees, and volunteers entrusted with functions of a national, subnational, or local state organ. It includes staff of ministries, administrations, legislative and judicial offices, public schools, hospitals, and other public institutions. Military personnel are covered as service personnel, whether or not described as civil servants, subject to lawful command and service procedures.
Section 2: Official Capacity and Exclusions
These standards apply only when a person performs official duties, exercises or purports to exercise the authority of the position, represents the organ, or uses official channels, access, or resources to perform those functions. Workplace supervision and communication undertaken in the position are included. Holding a title, being publicly known, or mentioning employment does not alone make private conduct official.
An elected officeholder is exempt from this Article when acting in that elected capacity. A person who separately holds an appointed position or staff assignment remains covered when acting in that separate capacity.
The State Religion and persons exercising its genuinely religious or ceremonial functions have the exemptions in Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 6, Section 6.
Section 3: Professional Duties
In the capacity defined in Section 2, staff shall:
(a) act lawfully, honestly, impartially, competently, and with due care;
(b) treat service users and colleagues with dignity, courtesy, and respect;
(c) apply relevant eligibility and service criteria consistently, without favouritism, prejudice, or improper personal influence;
(d) provide accurate and understandable information within their responsibilities, correct material errors, and explain avoidable delay;
(e) protect confidential information and disclose a conflicting personal interest to the competent authority; and
(f) refrain from humiliation, bullying, sexual harassment, intimidation, retaliation, and abuse of office or rank.
Mockery, degrading labels, contemptuous imitation, and humiliating personal comments are assessed reasonably in context, including remarks in official staff conversations when the person concerned is absent. A single incident may breach this duty. The protected grounds and socioeconomic-background protections in Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 2 and 8 apply to public employment and administration.
Section 4: Appointed Leadership and Judicial Functions
Ministers, Deputy Ministers, heads and deputy heads of administrations or other state organs, chiefs of staff, and commanders of the Armed Forces or the National Gendarmerie and Police are covered when acting in their appointed capacities. They may explain and defend policy, make political or public statements, engage in robust debate, and exercise lawful leadership and command. Forceful language or criticism does not alone establish misconduct. When administering services, deciding individual matters, directing personnel, or exercising coercive authority, they remain bound by the duties of lawful, fair, and respectful treatment.
Judicial officers shall maintain impartiality and respectful treatment in judicial and administrative functions. They may control proceedings, restrain abusive conduct, protect participants, and make lawful directions and orders. Disagreement with a ruling is addressed through the applicable appeal or review process.
Section 5: Legitimate Duties and Personal Expression
Respectful refusal of an ineligible request, candid advice or assessment, proportionate discipline, and necessary enforcement or security measures do not alone breach this Article. Personal political or religious expression, private disagreement, professional advice, and good-faith reporting of wrongdoing are not misconduct under this Article unless the conduct falls within Section 2 and breaches a defined duty.
Section 6: Complaints and Judicial Intervention
Each organ shall provide an accessible complaint route outside the person complained against, investigate impartially without undue delay, preserve evidence, and give a reasoned response subject to lawful confidentiality. Managers shall take reasonable steps to prevent and stop known or reasonably apparent breaches. The protection against retaliation in Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 4, Section 3 applies.
An affected person may seek civil relief under Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 7 without first exhausting an internal complaint. A competent court may restrain ongoing misconduct, require a lawful reconsideration or corrective procedure, award compensation, or review a disciplinary decision. The court shall respect judicial independence and the removal procedures governing protected offices.
Section 7: Fair Discipline and Review
Before a disciplinary sanction, the employing authority or provider shall give written particulars of the alleged conduct, the duty and proposed sanction, the supporting material, a reasonable opportunity to answer and present evidence, assistance by a representative, and a reasoned decision by an impartial person. Necessary confidentiality measures shall preserve a meaningful opportunity to respond. Reasonable disability accommodation shall be provided.
The employer shall prove misconduct on the balance of probabilities. Sanctions shall reflect seriousness, culpability, harm, relevant prior findings, comparable cases, working conditions, and prospects of correction. Disability-related needs, communication differences, and honest mistakes shall be considered.
Measures within lawful authority include:
(a) counselling;
(b) training;
(c) a warning;
(d) reassignment;
(e) suspension not exceeding 14 days; or
(f) dismissal for serious or repeated misconduct.
The authority shall explain why a lesser measure is inadequate when imposing a severe sanction. Earned pay shall not be confiscated; unpaid suspension requires separate lawful authority.
Interim reassignment or leave shall rest on a recorded risk, be reviewed promptly, and not determine guilt. Leave remains paid unless another law expressly permits otherwise. Staff may seek review by an uninvolved superior or appointing authority and a competent court. Applicable protection against self-incrimination shall be respected.
Section 8: Implementation and Legal Effect
Each organ shall maintain a staff conduct policy, communicate complaint and review routes, and provide instruction appropriate to the functions performed. The statutory duties apply from commencement.
Appointment, suspension, removal, military command, and judicial discipline shall be exercised only by the authority competent under the governing law.
Section 1: Hate-Crime Aggravation
Title 7, Chapter 2 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 12 after Article 11, Abuse of Public, Military, Judicial, Fiduciary, or Command Authority, to read:
Article 12: Hate Crimes and Protected Characteristics
Section 1: Protected Characteristics
For this Article and Title 7, Chapter 9, Articles 10 and 11, the protected characteristics are:
(a) age;
(b) race or colour;
(c) ethnic or national origin;
(d) religion, religious belief, or absence of religion or religious belief;
(e) disability;
(f) sex, including pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and intersex variations;
(g) sexual orientation;
(h) gender identity or expression; and
(i) housing status, including actual, former, or perceived homelessness or housing insecurity.
The meanings in Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 2 apply. Protection extends to an actual or perceived characteristic, whether present or past, and to association with or support for persons having that characteristic. It applies equally to every person.
Section 2: Hate-Crime Finding
An offense is a hate crime where the prosecution proves that:
(a) at the time of the offense, or immediately before or after it, the offender demonstrated hostility towards the victim based on a protected characteristic; or
(b) hostility towards persons sharing a protected characteristic wholly or partly motivated the offense.
Hostility means hatred, contempt, or antagonism towards persons because of a protected characteristic. An offense against property or an organization qualifies where that hostility motivated its selection as a target because of its connection with such persons. The characteristic need not be correctly perceived or the hostility the sole motive. The victim’s identity, the offender’s beliefs, or an unrelated offensive remark alone does not establish the aggravation.
Section 3: Proof and Sentencing
The aggravation shall be alleged before trial. The underlying offense and the aggravation shall each be proved beyond a reasonable doubt. The court shall record a separate finding and treat a proved aggravation as increasing seriousness, stating its effect on the sentence.
The court may increase an expressly numerical maximum fine or term of imprisonment for the underlying offense by up to 50%. No minimum sentence is required. A fractional day resulting from an enhancement shall be rounded down.
Section 4: Coordination of Enhancements
The same hostility shall not both establish a hate-specific offense or aggravated form of an offense and support this enhancement. Multiple protected characteristics do not create multiple enhancements for the same offense.
Where this enhancement is combined with Article 7 or Article 11 of this Chapter or Chapter 8, Article 26, Section 4 or Article 28, Section 3, each increase shall be calculated from the same maximum before those enhancements. The combined maximum shall not exceed twice that maximum unless another Act expressly authorizes a higher combined limit. The court shall record its calculation.
Section 1: Deliberate Criminal Discrimination and Retaliation
Title 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 25 at the end of the Chapter, to read:
Article 25: Criminal Discrimination and Retaliation
Section 1: Criminal Discrimination
A person commits criminal discrimination where, in an activity covered by Title 1, Chapter 7, the person intentionally denies or materially restricts another person’s employment, education, housing, healthcare, public service, goods, services, or facilities because of a ground protected by Article 2 or, within healthcare and education, Article 8 of that Chapter, without a lawful exception, and knowing the material facts making the treatment discriminatory.
A civil finding alone does not establish this offense. Indirect discrimination, an honest mistake, or a failure to provide reasonable accommodation does not alone establish criminal discrimination without proof of the intentional denial or restriction required by this Section.
Section 2: Criminal Retaliation
A person commits criminal retaliation where the person intentionally dismisses, evicts, excludes, or otherwise causes material disadvantage to another person to punish or deter a complaint, request for accommodation, evidence, assistance, or proceedings protected by Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 4. An unsuccessful complaint remains protected. Protection does not extend to the complainant’s own knowing fabrication of allegations or evidence.
Section 3: Penalties
An offense under this Article is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 25,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 14 days.
Where the offender abuses authority over the victim, targets multiple victims through an organized practice, or knowingly breaches an injunction prohibiting the conduct, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(c) a fine not exceeding 50,000 SL;
(d) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.
The same circumstance shall not support another enhancement.
Civil remedies under Title 1, Chapter 7 remain available. Restitution and compensation for the same loss shall be credited against one another.
Section 2: Hate Harassment and Incitement
Title 7, Chapter 9 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Articles 10 and 11 after Article 9, to read:
Article 10: Hate Harassment
Section 1: Elements
A person commits hate harassment where, because of a protected characteristic defined in Title 7, Chapter 2, Article 12, the person directs unwanted threatening or seriously abusive conduct at another person, intending to intimidate that person, and thereby causes fear of violence or serious alarm or distress substantially interfering with ordinary life. The fear, alarm, or distress shall be reasonable in the circumstances.
The conduct shall occur on at least 2 occasions or consist of a single grave act sufficient to cause the harm required by this Section. It may occur in a public or private place, through electronic communications, or through others. A slur or insult is evidence to be considered in context and does not alone establish the offense.
Section 2: Penalties
Hate harassment is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 10,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 14 days.
Where the offender uses a weapon, acts as part of a coordinated campaign against the victim, or knowingly breaches a protective order, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(c) a fine not exceeding 50,000 SL;
(d) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.
The same circumstance shall not support another enhancement.
Article 11: Hate Speech and Incitement to Violence or Criminal Discrimination
Section 1: Elements
A person commits an offense where the person communicates threatening or seriously abusive words, images, or other material to an audience, intending to encourage violence or criminal discrimination against persons because of a protected characteristic defined in Title 7, Chapter 2, Article 12, and the communication creates a real and substantial risk of that conduct.
The offense includes speech, publication, display, distribution, broadcasting, and electronic communication to a public or private audience. It is not necessary to identify an individual victim or prove that the encouraged conduct occurred. Hatred, offense, or disagreement alone is insufficient.
The court shall consider the content and context, the speaker’s influence, the intended audience, the scale and repetition of dissemination, and the likelihood of the encouraged conduct. Criminal discrimination means an offense under Title 7, Chapter 8, Article 25.
Section 2: Penalties
An offense under this Article is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 50,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.
Where the offender supplies weapons or operational instructions to facilitate the encouraged violence, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(c) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;
(d) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.
Section 3: Protected Expression
For Articles 10 and 11, criticism, ridicule, satire, political advocacy, religious teaching or debate, discussion of sex or gender, and good-faith reporting or quotation do not alone establish an offense.
Section 4: Additional Orders and Separate Offenses
Following conviction under Article 10 or 11, or Chapter 8, Article 25, the court may order:
(a) restitution;
(b) a proportionate no-contact or access restriction not exceeding 180 days;
(c) community service not exceeding 40 hours; or
(d) a suitable educational programme not exceeding 12 hours.
Education shall address the offending conduct and prevention of harm, with reasonable disability accommodation. Orders shall be necessary, practicable, and proportionate to the whole sentence.
A removal order shall identify material found unlawful and be limited to its removal or prevention of its republication.
Criminal incitement under Chapter 1, Article 5, threats or stalking under Chapter 8, Article 16, and other offenses remain available where their elements are proved. The same conduct and harm shall not receive duplicate punishment under overlapping offenses. Distinct victims, acts, or harms may be punished separately under Chapter 1, Article 10. The limitation rules in Chapter 2, Article 9 remain applicable.
Section 1: Domestic Violence and Coercive Control
Title 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Articles 26 and 27 after Article 25, to read:
Article 26: Domestic Abuse, Domestic Assault, and Coercive Control
Section 1: Meaning and Persons Protected
Domestic abuse means physical or sexual violence, unlawful threats or restraint, or serious psychological, emotional, social, or economic abuse between personally connected persons. Personally connected persons include current or former spouses or intimate partners; parents, children, siblings, and other relatives; persons in adoptive, foster, guardianship, or caregiving relationships; and members of a household linked by family, intimacy, care, or dependency. A shared address alone is insufficient. Abuse may be a single serious incident or a course of conduct; Section 2 requires repeated or continuous behaviour.
Protection applies regardless of sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, or whether the persons presently live together. It does not depend on a valid marriage, a lawful sexual relationship, or a previous complaint. A child who sees, hears, or experiences the effects of domestic abuse shall be considered in safeguarding and protection decisions.
Culture, religion, family honour, jealousy, or a claimed entitlement to discipline a partner does not excuse abuse.
Section 2: Coercive Control and Emotional, Social, and Financial Abuse
A person commits an offense by intentionally engaging in repeated or continuous controlling or coercive behaviour towards a personally connected person that causes fear of violence; serious psychological or emotional distress substantially affecting daily life; or a substantial impairment of financial, social, or daily-living independence. The person shall know of that effect or consciously disregard a substantial risk of causing it.
Controlling or coercive behaviour may include:
(a) psychological or emotional abuse, including repeated degradation, intimidation, manipulation intended to undermine autonomy or a person’s ability to judge their own situation, and threats of self-harm or harm to others used to compel the person’s conduct;
(b) social or relationship abuse, including enforced isolation, interference with supportive friendships or family contact, and threats to destroy relationships, expose private information, or damage reputation to enforce control;
(c) work or educational abuse, including obstructing attendance, sabotaging work or study, withholding necessary transport or equipment, or threatening dismissal, exclusion, professional harm, or false reports to an employer or institution as a means of coercion;
(d) economic or financial abuse, including taking or controlling earnings or benefits, coercing transfers or debts, denying access to accounts, documents, necessities, housing, or medical care, and obstructing the ability to obtain, use, or retain money, property, employment, or essential services; and
(e) surveillance or digital monitoring used to control the person, threats against children, relatives, or animals, and material restrictions on movement, communication, or access to help.
These forms of abuse may be carried out through other people or digital tools and may continue after separation. Serious emotional distress does not require a medical diagnosis; its nature and effect shall be proved from the available evidence.
Ordinary disagreement, voluntary arrangements, legitimate financial decisions, ending a relationship, good-faith reporting of wrongdoing, and necessary and proportionate caregiving or parental safeguarding do not alone establish the offense. Their use as part of a coercive pattern shall be assessed in context. The court or jury shall examine the whole proved pattern, its purpose and effect, dependency, and genuine consent, rather than an isolated act detached from context.
An offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:
(f) a fine not exceeding 50,000 SL;
(g) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.
Where the pattern causes serious physical or psychological injury, deliberately uses a child to control the victim, or knowingly breaches a protective order, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(h) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;
(i) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.
The same circumstance shall not be counted again as an enhancement.
Section 3: Domestic Assault
An assault under Article 9 committed as domestic abuse is domestic assault and is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 25,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.
Where an aggravating circumstance in Article 9, Section 3 is proved, or the assault forms part of a proved repeated pattern of domestic violence, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(c) a fine not exceeding 150,000 SL;
(d) imprisonment not exceeding 90 days.
Only timely proved acts may establish the repeated pattern for this aggravated form; prior convictions are governed by Chapter 2, Article 7. The maximum penalties in paragraphs (a) to (d) replace the corresponding maximum penalties for ordinary or aggravated assault; they do not limit a separately proved homicide or sexual offense.
Strangulation, the use or threat of a weapon, serious injury, targeting a pregnant or dependent person, and deliberately exposing a child to violence shall receive particular attention where proved and relevant. No minimum sentence is mandatory. The court shall explain its assessment of seriousness and mitigation.
Section 4: Other Offenses and Enhancement Limits
Where another offense against a personally connected person is proved to constitute domestic abuse, the court shall record that finding and may increase an expressly numerical maximum fine or term of imprisonment by up to 50%. The relationship and abusive character shall be alleged before trial and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.
The maximum penalties for domestic assault under Section 3 are the starting limits for independent enhancements; this Section’s 50% increase shall not also be applied to them or to the coercive-control penalties in Section 2, paragraphs (f) to (i). For another offense, this increase, increases under Article 28, Section 3, and increases under Chapter 2, Articles 7, 11, and 12 shall be calculated from the same unenhanced maximum, with a combined limit of twice that maximum unless an Act expressly permits more. The same fact shall not establish an aggravated form and be counted again for the same enhancement.
Separate offenses, acts, or victims may be punished under Chapter 1, Article 10, but overlapping descriptions of the same conduct and harm shall not receive duplicate punishment. Compensation and restitution for the same loss shall be credited against one another. The limitation rules in Chapter 2, Article 9 remain applicable; protective relief addresses a present risk and does not revive a time-barred prosecution. Time-barred acts may supply lawful context but shall not be independently punished; later acts may be charged only where they independently satisfy an offense within the applicable period.
Section 5: Evidence, Defense, and Sentencing
Each person’s conduct shall be assessed separately. Mutual allegations or injuries do not establish equal responsibility. The court or jury shall consider relevant evidence of the history of abuse, coercion, defensive action, power and dependency, and the circumstances of the incident. Remaining in a relationship, delayed reporting, withdrawal of a complaint, or the absence of visible injury does not alone disprove abuse or a defense.
Self-defense, defense of another, duress, mistake, necessity, and the excuses in Chapter 2 remain available. The judge shall explain the legal tests to a lawfully constituted jury; the jury decides disputed facts where the governing procedure assigns that role. The prosecution retains its burden of proving the offense and disproving a properly raised defense beyond a reasonable doubt.
A sentence may include:
(a) restitution;
(b) a protective order under Article 27; and
(c) a suitable violence-prevention or counselling programme not exceeding 24 hours.
The court shall consider culpability, harm, genuine fear, previous coercion, ability to pay, and obligations towards dependants, giving restitution priority where resources are limited. A person shall not be required to reconcile or undergo joint mediation with the alleged abuser.
Article 27: Domestic-Abuse Protection Orders and Support
Section 1: Judicial Protection
On application by an affected person, an authorized representative, or a Constable of the National Gendarmerie and Police acting within lawful jurisdiction to protect a person at risk, a competent court may make a protective order where domestic abuse has occurred or is threatened and a continuing or imminent risk is established on the balance of probabilities. A conviction or pending prosecution is not required. The court shall identify the acts or risks found and the necessity and proportionality of each restriction.
An order may prohibit contact, harassment, tracking, or entry to specified places; require temporary departure from a shared residence regardless of ownership; arrange supervised retrieval of belongings; and impose a specific temporary weapon-access restriction where lawful and necessary to prevent violence. Residence and weapon measures shall not determine permanent property rights or create a general weapon prohibition. Child-contact conditions shall address safety and the child’s best interests within the court’s jurisdiction.
An order after a hearing may last up to 180 days and may be varied, discharged, or renewed on a fresh finding of continuing risk after an opportunity to be heard. The parties shall receive clear terms and reasons. The court may protect confidential addresses and arrange separate attendance or remote evidence while preserving a fair opportunity to answer the case.
Section 2: Immediate Danger and Prompt Hearing
Where delay creates an immediate risk of violence or serious harm, a judge may make an interim order without advance notice for no more than 7 days before an opportunity for a hearing. On reasonable grounds of immediate danger, a Constable of the National Gendarmerie and Police acting within lawful jurisdiction may direct temporary departure and no contact for no more than 48 hours. The Constable shall record the grounds, serve clear written terms, and apply promptly for judicial review. The direction expires after that period unless replaced by a judicial order. These measures do not authorize detention without another lawful ground.
Section 3: Knowing Breach
A person who, without reasonable excuse, knowingly breaches a valid protective order or emergency direction of which the person has notice commits an offense punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 25,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 14 days.
Where the breach involves a credible threat of serious harm or repeated deliberate violations, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(c) a fine not exceeding 50,000 SL;
(d) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.
Independent violence or stalking may be prosecuted, subject to the prohibition on duplicate punishment for the same conduct and harm.
Section 4: Assistance
The National Gendarmerie and Police Administration and relevant care services shall assess immediate safety, take reasonable protective steps within their authority, and offer information and referrals for medical care, safe accommodation, legal assistance, and child protection. Assistance shall be accessible to persons with disabilities and shall not depend on agreeing to mediation or making a criminal complaint.
Section 2: Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation of Persons with Disabilities
Title 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 28 after Article 27, to read:
Article 28: Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation of Persons with Disabilities
Section 1: Distinct Category and Scope
An offense against a person with disabilities is disability-related abuse where the offender knowingly exploits that person’s disability-related dependence, a position of care or trust in relation to that person, or a disability-related difficulty in resisting, communicating, understanding the conduct, or obtaining protection to commit, conceal, or continue the offense. This category applies in domestic, institutional, professional, and community settings, without requiring a family relationship or proof of hatred.
Disability has the meaning in Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 2. Disability alone does not establish incapacity, dependence, or inability to resist; the person’s actual circumstances govern. The classification and circumstances relied upon shall be alleged before trial and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.
Section 2: Abusive Deprivation and Wilful Neglect
A person commits abusive deprivation where, without lawful justification, the person knowingly withholds, removes, damages, or obstructs access to essential medication, food, water, hygiene, personal assistance, mobility or sensory equipment, communication aids, necessary documents, or emergency help on which a person with disabilities depends, and thereby causes serious harm or a substantial risk of serious harm which the offender knows of or consciously disregards. The person shall have a duty to provide the support or have deliberately taken control of access to it.
A person entrusted with essential care commits wilful neglect where, knowing that duty and being reasonably able to provide care or obtain assistance, the person deliberately fails to act and knowingly or recklessly exposes the person with disabilities to a substantial risk of serious physical or psychological harm. A single grave act or omission may suffice; a repeated pattern is not required.
Serious harm includes substantial impairment of physical safety, psychological wellbeing, communication, or independent daily living. Informed refusal of care, necessary and proportionate lawful treatment or emergency safeguarding, and an unavoidable shortfall despite reasonable efforts to obtain assistance do not alone establish an offense. An ordinary failure of accommodation does not become criminal neglect without the elements required by this Section.
Section 3: Existing Offenses and Financial Exploitation
Assault, sexual abuse, threats, stalking, coercive control, theft, fraud, extortion, or another independently defined offense may be classified under Section 1. Financial exploitation includes misappropriating disability benefits or care funds, procuring transfers or debts by deception or coercion, or abusing control of an account or property; the elements of the underlying offense shall still be proved.
For an existing offense classified under Section 1, the court shall record the disability-related abuse and may increase an expressly numerical maximum fine or term of imprisonment by up to 50%. The increase shall not also be applied to the disability-specific offenses and penalties in Sections 2 and 4.
Increases under this Section, Article 26, Section 4, and Chapter 2, Articles 7, 11, and 12 shall be calculated from the same starting maximum and together shall not exceed twice that maximum unless an Act expressly permits more. The maximum penalties for domestic assault under Article 26, Section 3 remain the starting limits where applicable. The same dependence or difficulty in defending against harm shall not both establish an aggravated form and support this enhancement. Distinct hostility or another independent aggravating fact must be proved separately.
Section 4: Penalties and Other Orders
An offense under Section 2 is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 50,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.
Where it causes serious physical or psychological injury, forms part of repeated grave neglect, or knowingly breaches a protective order, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(c) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;
(d) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.
There is no mandatory minimum. A greater penalty for a separately proved offense remains available, subject to the prohibition on duplicate punishment for the same conduct and harm.
The court may also order:
(e) restitution;
(f) restoration or replacement of essential aids;
(g) a suitable programme not exceeding 24 hours; and
(h) a restriction on the offender’s care, financial, or supervisory functions not exceeding 180 days.
Each order shall be necessary and proportionate.
Section 5: Protection, Assistance, and Personal Autonomy
The protective orders and emergency measures in Article 27 are available for abuse under this Article whether or not the persons are personally connected. They may require restoration of access to support and safe arrangements for replacement care. Removing an abusive carer shall be coordinated with necessary alternative assistance; the person shall not be left without essential support as a consequence of the protective measure.
The National Gendarmerie and Police Administration, courts, and care services shall provide reasonable communication assistance and an accessible way to report and give evidence, including assistance from an independent person chosen by the affected person where appropriate. A communication difficulty does not itself establish unreliability. The person’s will and preferences shall be respected.
Section 3: Relationship with the Assault Provisions
Title 7, Chapter 8, Article 9 of the Civil Code is amended by adding Section 6:
Section 6: Domestic Assault
Where an assault constitutes domestic abuse under Article 26, the classification and sentencing limits in that Article apply. Section 5 and the justifications and excuses in Chapter 2 remain applicable.
Section 4: Context, Perceived Threats, and Excess Defensive Force
Title 7, Chapter 2, Article 2 of the Civil Code is amended by adding Sections 6 and 7:
Section 6: Assessment in the Circumstances
Necessity, imminence, and proportionality shall be assessed in the circumstances reasonably perceived at the time, including relevant previous violence or coercive control, threats, relative physical ability, access to weapons, and the time available to react. A person confronted by an attack is not required to calculate the precise degree of necessary force with calm hindsight. Previous abuse is relevant evidence and does not by itself authorize revenge or force against a merely remote threat.
Section 5 governs a mistaken belief in danger. Once credible evidence raises self-defense or defense of another, the prosecution shall disprove at least one required condition beyond a reasonable doubt. A domestic relationship does not reduce that protection.
Section 7: Fear-Driven Excess and Mitigation
Where an actual imminent unlawful attack occurs, excess defensive force is excused if severe fear, confusion, or panic caused by that attack materially impaired the accused’s ability to regulate the response and the force was used to protect against the attack. The excuse does not cover retaliation after the accused recognized that the danger had ended, or an encounter deliberately provoked to create an excuse for violence under Section 4.
The accused shall produce credible evidence supporting the excuse; the prosecution shall then disprove a required condition beyond a reasonable doubt. The judge shall direct a lawfully constituted jury on the legal test. Where no complete justification or excuse applies, genuine fear, coercion, trauma, a mistaken threat perception, or limited opportunity to react may mitigate sentence; the court shall give reasons.
Section 1: Freedom of Expression and the Press
Title 1, Chapter 1, Article 1 of the Civil Code is amended to read:
Article 1: Freedom of Speech Expression and the Press
Section 1: Freedom of Expression and the Press
Definition: Citizens have the right to express their opinions freely, with limitations.
Every person shall enjoy freedom of expression and the press, including the right to seek, receive, and communicate information and ideas through any medium.
Criticism of public authorities or religious institutions, political or religious debate, satire, artistic or academic expression, and good-faith reporting shall not, by themselves, justify restriction or punishment.
Section 2: Limitations Lawful Restrictions
Limitations:
- Hate speech, discrimination, or incitement to violence are not protected.
- General harassment is prohibited
A restriction on expression or expressive material shall have express legal authority, identify the material or conduct concerned and the public interest protected, and be necessary and proportionate to that interest.
Discrimination, harassment, retaliation, hate speech, and incitement are subject to the specific elements, exceptions, remedies, and penalties in Title 1, Chapter 7 and Title 7. Describing expression as hateful, insulting, or harmful to social cohesion does not alone establish liability. A slur or insult shall be assessed in context under the elements of the alleged contravention or offense.
- Speech concerning the Sovereign or Imperial Family shall not constitute treason merely because it is critical, disrespectful, derogatory, or allegedly defamatory. Political propaganda concerning the reigning Monarch or an heir is governed by Title 1, Chapter 3; civil defamation is governed by Title 1, Chapter 4; and criminal liability requires proof of a specific Title 7 offense.
Section 3: Consequences of Violations Remedies, Penalties, and Review
Punishment:
- General Offenses: Warning, Fine, or Temporary Suspension of speech privileges.
-Slurs, or any derogatory name or word subject to context that are used in a derogatory way to harass or put down a person, and the excessive of slurs or derogatory words will be not permitted and will result in direct temporary suspension of speech privileges or at His Imperial Majesty’s Pleasure.
Liability and enforcement shall be determined as follows:
(a) civil relief requires proof of a civil contravention under the applicable law;
(b) criminal punishment requires proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every element of a defined offense and shall remain within its authorized penalties;
(c) an order restricting communication, access, publication, or material shall have an express legal basis, identify its scope and duration, and be necessary and proportionate to the established grounds; and
(d) a restriction imposed by a state organ shall be subject to judicial review under the applicable procedure.
Section 2: Relationship with Existing Harassment Provisions
Title 7, Chapter 8, Article 16, Section 3 of the Civil Code is amended by adding at its end:
This Section does not exclude liability for hate harassment or hate incitement under Chapter 9, Articles 10 and 11 where every element of the separate offense is proved.
Section 1: Contraception and Voluntary Reproductive Choice
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code, as inserted by Chapter 1 of this Act, is amended by inserting Article 10 immediately after Article 9, to read:
Article 10: Reproductive Autonomy and Freedom of Contraception
Section 1: Reproductive Choice
Every person has the right to decide freely whether to reproduce and whether to seek, obtain, use, discontinue, or provide lawful contraception. This includes barrier methods, medicines, devices, emergency contraception, and other methods of preventing pregnancy. A person shall not be compelled to use contraception or punished for a lawful decision not to use it.
Section 2: Prohibition of Government Bans
No national, subnational, or local state organ shall prohibit a contraceptive method, its lawful supply, or its voluntary use on moral, religious, ideological, demographic, or population-policy grounds.
A restriction on a contraceptive product or method may be imposed only on the basis of reliable evidence demonstrating a material risk to health or safety. The restriction shall address that risk, be necessary and proportionate, and use a less restrictive effective measure where one is reasonably available. Risks and benefits shall be evaluated in their actual clinical context; the mere existence of side effects does not justify a general prohibition.
Section 3: Permitted Safety Measures
Safety regulation may include truthful labeling, quality controls, informed-consent requirements for invasive treatment, product-specific warnings, professional supervision where medically necessary, restrictions for identified contraindications, and withdrawal of a product demonstrated to be unsafe. Such measures shall not be used as a disguised prohibition on contraception as a category.
Section 4: Enforcement
A person adversely affected by a contravention may seek relief under Article 7 of this Chapter. The competent court may restrain enforcement of a contrary restriction, restore lawful access, and order another appropriate remedy within its jurisdiction.
Section 2: Institutional Dignity and Personal Safeguards
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 11 immediately after Article 10, to read:
Article 11: Rights and Safeguards of Institutionalized Persons
Section 1: Application
This Article applies to hospitals, psychiatric facilities, correctional institutions, residential treatment centers, therapeutic programs, and other institutions exercising custody, care, or substantial control over a person, whether public or private.
Section 2: Liberty and Dignity
No person shall be involuntarily confined merely because of disability, perceived mental illness, refusal to obey a nonessential instruction, disagreement with staff, religious nonconformity, or a request to leave. Confinement requires express lawful authority and the safeguards applicable to that authority.
A person in institutional care remains entitled to humane treatment, necessary food and water, hygiene, appropriate medical attention, reasonable communication, and protection from coercion, humiliation, and financial exploitation.
Section 3: Counsel and Communication
An institution shall not isolate a person from independent legal counsel, the courts, or a lawful representative to obstruct legal remedies, compel obedience, or conceal abuse. Any temporary restriction on ordinary communication shall be necessary for an identified immediate safety or security risk, documented, proportionate, and subject to review.
Section 4: Treatment and Consent
Medication, physical restraint, and behavioral treatment shall not be administered as punishment, retaliation, humiliation, or staff convenience. Informed refusal of treatment shall be respected except where specific law permits necessary emergency intervention, subject to prompt review and the least restrictive effective means.
Section 5: Inspections and Property
Institutions shall preserve lawful access for competent inspectors, accurate records, relevant evidence, and the property and financial interests of residents. No person shall be retaliated against for assisting a lawful inspection, seeking independent advice, or reporting abuse.
Section 6: Education of Children in Institutions
Where an Act establishes a nationwide education program, a child within that program's eligibility rules shall not be denied its instruction merely because the child is confined or institutionalized. This Section becomes operative only when such a nationwide program comes into force, and does not itself establish that program.
Section 7: Remedies
This Article is enforceable under Article 7 of this Chapter. Where the court finds unlawful confinement, deprivation, treatment, or interference with rights, it may order cessation, correction, lawful review, restoration of access, compensation, or another appropriate remedy.
Section 3: Children as Independent Persons Before the Family and the Law
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 12 immediately after Article 11, to read:
Article 12: Recognition, Dignity, and Voice of Children
Section 1: Independent Personhood
Every child is an individual person possessing their own dignity, feelings, thoughts, interests, beliefs, and opinions. A child shall not be treated merely as the property, possession, or extension of a parent or guardian.
Section 2: Participation Within the Family
A parent or guardian shall, where reasonably practicable, give a child an age-appropriate opportunity to express views on significant decisions affecting the child's life, welfare, education, relationships, and care. Such views shall be considered sincerely, with weight appropriate to the child's age, understanding, and evolving capacities.
Parental responsibility for care, safety, guidance, and lawful decisions remains in effect. A child's views need not determine the outcome, but disagreement alone shall not justify humiliation, coercion, or retaliation.
Section 3: Participation Before State Organs and Courts
A court, public authority, school, or care institution deciding a matter materially affecting a child shall provide a reasonable and accessible opportunity for the child to be heard, directly or through an independent or chosen representative where appropriate. The decision-maker shall consider the child's expressed views and state how they were taken into account where giving reasons is otherwise required.
The child's ability to express views shall be supported according to the child's communication needs. Age or disability alone shall not justify refusing to hear a child capable of communicating a view.
Section 4: Conflicting Interests and Safeguarding
Where the child's interests may materially conflict with those of a parent or guardian in a judicial or safeguarding proceeding, the competent court may appoint independent representation or provide another means for the child's views to be heard. Necessary measures to protect a child against immediate serious harm may be taken under existing law notwithstanding disagreement.
Section 5: Legal Effect
This Article does not confer automatic majority, independent contractual capacity, or an unrestricted right to override lawful parental decisions. It governs the exercise of parental authority and public functions; a court may take a failure to respect its duties into account in a proceeding concerning the child's welfare and order appropriate prospective relief.
Section 4: Restroom Access, Privacy, and Practical Parity
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 13 immediately after Article 12, to read:
Article 13: Equal Restroom Access and Sanitary Facilities
Section 1: Equal Access
Where toilets or restrooms are provided for employees, patrons, students, patients, or the public in an activity covered by Article 1, they shall be available without unlawful discrimination. A person may use a restroom consistent with their gender identity. No person shall be required to disclose medical history, undergo medical treatment, or present a changed identity document to exercise that access.
A single-user restroom may be designated for use by persons of any gender. An available private or all-gender facility may be offered as a choice but shall not be imposed as a condition of equal access to other facilities.
Section 2: Reasonable Capacity and Parity
A provider responsible for occupied premises shall maintain a reasonable number of usable toilet facilities for the actual occupancy and use of the premises, taking account of waiting times, accessibility, accessibility needs, and the needs of persons who require enclosed stalls. Capacity shall be judged by effective access rather than an inflexible male-to-female fixture ratio.
Section 3: Privacy, Hygiene, and Safety
Restrooms shall provide appropriate privacy, functioning access controls on individual enclosed compartments where fitted, and reasonable cleanliness and maintenance. Rules against harassment, intrusion, deliberate exposure, vandalism, or violence may be enforced impartially without excluding a person solely because of gender identity or appearance.
Section 4: Existing Premises and Construction
An existing facility shall not be required to undertake disproportionate structural reconstruction solely to change restroom designation or fixture allocation. New facilities and material renovations shall incorporate reasonable capacity, accessible entry, and privacy measures consistent with applicable construction standards.
This Article does not require a private residence to open its facilities to the public. Its duties apply when restrooms are provided as part of a covered activity.
Section 5: Enforcement
Denial of access and unjustified unequal treatment are enforceable under Article 7. A court may require access, reasonable corrective measures, and other available civil remedies.
Section 5: Hair Texture, Hairstyles, and Occupational Safety
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 14 immediately after Article 13, to read:
Article 14: Hair Discrimination and Reasonable Safety Rules
Section 1: Protected Hair Characteristics
In a covered activity, a person shall not be disadvantaged on the basis of hair texture, length, color, a natural or customary hairstyle, or another lawful form of hair presentation. Protection extends to characteristics or styles associated with cultural, familial, religious, or personal identity without requiring a person to belong to a particular group.
A rule requiring a person to straighten, chemically alter, or remove natural or protective hair, without objective justification under Section 2, constitutes discrimination.
Section 2: Hygiene, Safety, and Genuine Duties
A responsible person may apply a hairstyle or hair-restraint requirement where necessary and proportionate to an actual hygiene, safety, identification, protective-equipment, or essential occupational need. This includes requiring effective hair or beard coverings when handling exposed food, and securing hair near moving machinery, open flame, or other identified hazards.
Such requirements shall be applied consistently. Reasonably effective alternatives, including hairnets, caps, ties, protective coverings, and compatible safety equipment, shall be considered before ordering hair to be cut or excluding the person.
Section 3: Neutral Appearance Rules
An ordinary and consistently applied grooming or uniform rule may regulate cleanliness and safe presentation, but mere preference for a particular texture or cultural appearance, generalized assertions of professionalism, or customer prejudice shall not constitute a sufficient justification.
Section 4: Remedies
A violation is enforceable under Article 7 of this Chapter. An employer or service provider may be required to replace an unjustified rule with an effective, proportionate alternative.
Section 6: Tenancy, Property Access, and Residential Security
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 15 immediately after Article 14, to read:
Article 15: Rights and Obligations of Tenants and Landlords
Section 1: Scope and Meaning
A tenancy is an agreement by which a person entitled to control a registered parcel, dwelling, room, building, or other premises grants another person possession or occupancy for an agreed term or recurring payment. A landlord is the person granting that right; a tenant is the person receiving it. The true substance of the arrangement governs regardless of its title.
Temporary guests, visitors, persons using public facilities, and persons having only revocable access without an agreement for occupancy are not tenants merely because they enter premises. Tenancy does not transfer ownership of a parcel or structure.
Section 2: Rental Terms and Proof
A landlord shall disclose the premises, rent or other agreed consideration, payment interval, deposit, permitted use, and material restrictions before accepting payment. Written or digitally recorded terms may be relied upon, but a tenancy established by conduct and payment remains enforceable. A material change of rent or conditions shall require agreement or the notice and termination procedures in this Article.
Section 3: Peaceful Occupation and Access
A tenant complying with the tenancy is entitled to peaceful use of the premises during the term. A landlord shall not arbitrarily change locks or access permissions, block entrances, remove a tenant's possessions, demolish occupied works, interrupt an agreed essential service, or otherwise force the tenant out without lawful process.
Except for an emergency involving immediate danger, necessary urgent repairs, or another lawful power, the landlord shall give at least 24 hours' notice before entry, identify a legitimate reason, and act at a reasonable time. A tenant shall permit reasonable inspection and necessary repairs upon such notice.
Section 4: Condition of Premises and Repairs
The landlord shall provide the premises in the condition agreed and maintain structural safety, accessible entrances and exits, and essential installations that the landlord undertook to supply. The tenant shall maintain reasonable cleanliness, report known material defects, avoid deliberate or reckless damage, and not make substantial alterations without permission.
After notice of a material defect, the landlord shall correct it within a reasonable time in light of the risk, necessary work, and available means. A tenant shall not be charged for ordinary deterioration from proper use. Where an essential part of the premises cannot safely be used, the court may order repair, proportionate rent reduction, or termination and restitution.
Section 5: Deposits and Charges
A security deposit shall not exceed 2 ordinary installments of rent for the payment period agreed. Within 14 days after the tenancy ends and possession is returned, the landlord shall return the deposit or provide an itemized statement of lawful deductions and return the balance.
A deduction may cover unpaid rent, agreed outstanding charges, or reasonably established damage beyond ordinary wear, but shall not exceed the amount actually owed or reasonably required for repair. An undisclosed penalty or invented charge is unenforceable.
Section 6: Notice and Termination
A landlord alleging unpaid rent or a remediable material breach shall give written or electronically recorded notice stating the breach and allowing at least 7 days to pay or remedy it before seeking termination. A tenant may terminate a periodic tenancy by giving notice of 1 rent-payment period, unless the parties agree to a longer reasonable period.
A landlord seeking to end a periodic tenancy without alleging breach shall give at least 1 complete rent-payment period of notice and shall not act in retaliation for lawful complaints or exercise of tenant rights. An agreed fixed term ends as provided in the agreement, subject to any lawful renewal.
Section 7: Eviction and Property
Where a tenant contests termination or remains in possession, eviction shall require an order of a competent court and execution by an authorized person. An immediate danger may justify temporary protective action under existing law, but does not itself transfer ownership of the tenant's possessions.
A landlord retains ownership rights and may recover rent, compensation for damage, and possession by lawful process. A tenant may recover personal property, improvements they may lawfully remove without material damage, deposits, and compensation as ordered by the court.
Section 8: Civil Enforcement
A tenant or landlord may seek declaratory relief, an injunction, payment, repair, possession, restitution, or compensation in the competent Circuit Court. The court shall consider the terms, actual occupancy, conduct, proof of payment, urgency of any safety risk, and the parties' respective rights. No separate tenancy registry or government account shall be required by this Article.
Section 1: Forced Sterilization, Reproductive Coercion, and Genital Harm
Title 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 29 immediately after Article 28, as proposed by Chapter 5 of this Act, to read:
Article 29: Forced Sterilization, Reproductive Coercion, and Genital Harm
Section 1: Forced Sterilization
A person commits forced sterilization where the person knowingly performs, procures, directs, or causes a medical or physical intervention intended permanently to destroy or substantially eliminate another person's reproductive capacity without that person's free, specific, and informed consent.
Consent obtained through force, threats, material deception, unlawful confinement, or abuse of official, medical, parental, or institutional authority is invalid. Disability, criminal history, financial status, perceived fitness for parenthood, or public convenience shall not justify forced sterilization.
Necessary treatment of an immediate and serious threat to life is excluded where the patient cannot consent, the loss of reproductive capacity is an incidental consequence rather than the purpose, and no reasonably available less harmful effective treatment exists.
Section 2: Coerced Contraception and Forced Abortion
A person commits coerced contraception by knowingly compelling another person through force, threats, deception, or abuse of authority to use, retain, or undergo contraception.
A person commits forced abortion by knowingly performing or causing termination of another person's pregnancy without that person's free and informed consent, including by coercive administration of a substance or medical intervention.
Section 3: Female Genital Mutilation
A person commits female genital mutilation where the person knowingly performs, directs, or procures nontherapeutic removal of or injury to external female genital tissue for a mutilating purpose. Parental authorization, custom, or religious justification is not a defense. Genuine necessary medical treatment and lawful reconstructive procedures are excluded.
Section 4: Virginity Testing
A person commits an offense by knowingly requiring or performing an examination represented as establishing whether another person has previously engaged in sexual intercourse from physical or genital characteristics. A genuine medical or forensic examination shall not be described as proving virginity.
Section 5: Ordinary Penalties
Coerced contraception or virginity testing is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.
Forced abortion is punishable by either or both of the following:
(c) a fine not exceeding 250,000 SL;
(d) imprisonment not exceeding 180 days.
Forced sterilization or female genital mutilation is punishable by either or both of the following:
(e) a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL;
(f) imprisonment not exceeding 365 days.
Section 6: Aggravated Penalties
Where the offense causes serious permanent injury, involves a child, or forms part of an organized course of coercive reproductive interventions, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 750,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 540 days.
The aggravating facts shall be alleged and proved beyond a reasonable doubt. Restitution and a restriction of connected medical or supervisory authority remain available under Chapter 2.
Section 2: Institutional Confinement, Medication, and Exploitation
Title 7, Chapter 8 is amended by inserting Article 30 immediately after Article 29, to read:
Article 30: Institutional Confinement, Chemical Restraint, and Exploitation
Section 1: Unlawful Confinement
A person commits an offense where the person knowingly admits, confines, retains, or causes another person to be retained in an institution without lawful authority. Disability alone, disobedience, refusal to participate in nonessential treatment, or disagreement with institutional staff shall not provide such authority.
Emergency confinement expressly authorized by law shall be necessary to prevent an immediate and serious risk of harm, proportionate, recorded with reasons, and submitted for independent judicial review within 48 hours.
Section 2: Counsel and Communication
An institutional officer or caregiver commits an offense by knowingly obstructing access to counsel, judicial proceedings, or necessary independent communication for the purpose of punishment, coercion, retaliation, or concealing abuse. A temporary safety restriction satisfying Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 11, Section 3 is excluded.
Section 3: Chemical Restraint and Disciplinary Medication
A person commits an offense by knowingly administering medication or chemical restraint primarily to punish, intimidate, humiliate, or secure obedience rather than for a legitimate therapeutic or immediately necessary safety purpose. An emergency intervention to prevent imminent serious harm shall use the least restrictive effective measure and be documented and promptly reviewed.
Section 4: Forced Psychological or Religious Practices
A person commits an offense by using force, threats, deprivation, confinement, or abuse of authority to compel disclosure of traumatic experiences, intimate thoughts, or personal beliefs, or participation in religious deliverance, exorcism, conversion, or similar religious intervention. Voluntary religious practice and lawful noncoercive clinical assessment are excluded.
Section 5: Obstruction of Inspections
A person commits an offense where the person knowingly obstructs a lawful institutional inspection by concealing persons, falsifying material records, destroying evidence, threatening witnesses, or preventing access that an inspector is legally entitled to obtain. Inspections remain subject to the Constitution's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.
Section 6: Confinement-Based Financial Exploitation
A person commits an offense by knowingly exploiting another person's confinement, institutional dependence, or threatened continued detention to obtain money, property, account control, or an unauthorized financial benefit. Independently provable fraud, extortion, theft, or coercion remains subject to its existing elements.
Section 7: Ordinary and Aggravated Penalties
An offense under this Article is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.
Where serious injury, prolonged unlawful detention, or an organized and repeated pattern of grave institutional abuse is proved, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(c) a fine not exceeding 250,000 SL;
(d) imprisonment not exceeding 180 days.
Section 3: Coercive and Dangerous Therapeutic Practices
Title 7, Chapter 8 is amended by inserting Article 31 immediately after Article 30, to read:
Article 31: Coercive Therapy, Harmful Behavioral Programs, and Experimentation
Section 1: Prohibited Practices
A person shall not knowingly perform, direct, procure, or operate a treatment or behavior-control practice involving:
(a) rebirthing therapy using compression, suffocation, entrapment, or simulated birth by force;
(b) coercive attachment therapy involving forced holding, physical domination, humiliation, or deprivation;
(c) punitive wilderness survival programs imposing dangerous exposure, abandonment, or deprivation to compel obedience;
(d) abusive therapeutic boot camps involving violence, degrading treatment, unlawful detention, or dangerous exhaustion;
(e) pain-based aversion therapy involving deliberate painful shocks, injury, or comparable suffering to change behavior;
(f) behavioral psychosurgery without free and informed consent; or
(g) medical, psychological, or behavioral experimentation upon an institutionalized person without that person's free and informed consent.
Section 2: Actual Conduct and Consent
Liability depends on the conduct rather than the name, advertisement, or claimed religious or therapeutic character of the activity. Voluntary counseling, lawful medical treatment, safe outdoor recreation, and noncoercive behavioral support remain permitted. Institutional dependence or custody shall not itself constitute valid consent.
Section 3: Ordinary and Aggravated Penalties
An offense under this Article is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.
Where it involves a child, causes serious injury, entails prolonged unlawful confinement, or forms part of repeated grave abuse, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(c) a fine not exceeding 250,000 SL;
(d) imprisonment not exceeding 180 days.
The court may additionally impose a connected restriction on supervision or provision of the prohibited activity under Chapter 2, Article 6.
Section 4: Corporal Punishment in Education and Parental Discipline
Title 7, Chapter 8 is amended by inserting Article 32 immediately after Article 31, to read:
Article 32: School Corporal Punishment and Unlawful Child Discipline
Section 1: Schools and Educational Facilities
Corporal punishment of a child is prohibited in every public or private school, educational facility, or residential educational program. Staff and persons exercising educational authority shall not intentionally inflict pain or physical discomfort for discipline. Necessary and proportionate intervention to prevent immediate harm is excluded.
Section 2: Limited Parental Correction
A parent or lawful guardian may use brief and proportionate noninjurious physical correction, including a light open-hand tap to an arm or another nonvulnerable area, but shall not cause bodily injury, substantial pain, or degrading treatment.
Parental or guardian authority does not justify:
(a) striking the head, face, or neck;
(b) choking, shaking, burning, or deliberately injuring a child;
(c) striking with a dangerous implement;
(d) forcing ingestion of soap, chemicals, or another harmful substance;
(e) depriving a child of necessary food, water, medical care, or shelter;
(f) confining, binding, or isolating a child in dangerous or degrading circumstances;
(g) imposing hazardous environmental exposure or physical exertion; or
(h) repeated punishment causing injury or serious suffering.
Section 3: Penalties
Unlawful corporal punishment under this Article is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 25,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 14 days.
Where the conduct causes serious injury, uses a dangerous prohibited method, or constitutes repeated grave abuse, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(c) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;
(d) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.
Distinct offenses remain separately chargeable under the general criminal provisions, subject to the prohibition on duplicate punishment for the same conduct and harm.
Section 1: Serious Bodily Autonomy Offenses and Criminal Filing Limit
Title 7, Chapter 2, Article 9, Section 4 of the Civil Code is amended by adding the following sentence at its end:
Forced sterilization, forced abortion, and female genital mutilation under Chapter 8, Article 29, and nonconsensual behavioral psychosurgery under Chapter 8, Article 31, are exempt from the limitation period.
Section 1: Civil Remedies for Individual Rights and Institutional Violations
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code, as proposed by this Act, is amended by inserting Article 16 immediately after Article 15, to read:
Article 16: Expanded Judicial Remedies and Corrective Orders
Section 1: General Powers
A competent court determining a civil contravention of this Chapter may grant the specific relief in this Article in addition to Article 7. The court may act against a liable person or organization without a criminal conviction.
The court may order:
(a) cessation of the unlawful conduct and protection against its repetition;
(b) return of property, restitution, compensation, and restoration of access or services;
(c) correction of an unlawful contract term, policy, admission, employment, or service decision;
(d) preservation and production of relevant records through lawful judicial process;
(e) a corrective plan stating the required action, responsible officers, deadline, and proof of compliance; and
(f) independent verification, safeguards for affected persons, and protection against retaliation.
Section 2: Employment, Education, and Ordinary Services
For Articles 1 to 8 the court may require reinstatement, lawful reconsideration, admission, restored benefits or wages, effective reasonable accommodation, corrected staff rules, training, or an appropriate complaints procedure. A court shall award a suitable alternative when reinstatement would cause serious danger or is no longer possible.
Section 3: Digital Access
For Article 9 the court may require correction and independent testing of inaccessible digital functions and effective interim access. Restriction of a digital function shall preserve lawful access to essential public services.
Section 4: Reproductive Autonomy
For Article 10 the court may prohibit enforcement of an unlawful contraceptive restriction, restore lawful access, correct governmental directions, and return products withheld without a lawful safety basis.
Section 5: Institutions and Children
For Articles 11 and 12 the court may stop unlawful detention, isolation, chemical restraint, or interference with legal advice; order lawful review, necessary alternative care, restoration of communication, record preservation, or independent representation of a child. The child's views shall be considered according to Article 12. Separation of a child from a family requires an independent lawful safeguarding basis.
Section 6: Restrooms, Hair, and Tenancy
For Articles 13 and 14 the court may restore equal restroom access, require proportionate privacy measures, withdraw an unjustified hairstyle ban, and require a reasonable safety-compatible hair covering. For Article 15 it may restore lawful occupancy, access, essential services, deposits, and possessions; order repair, rent reduction, compensation, or lawful termination and possession.
Section 7: Organizational Violations
Where the violation results from organizational instructions, controlling leadership, or persistent noncompliance, the court may impose an activity-specific compliance plan or invoke the special administration and property orders in Articles 17 and 18. A single minor violation does not by itself justify an organizational takeover.
Section 2: Court-Ordered Property Custody and State Takeover
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 17 immediately after Article 16, to read:
Article 17: Judicial Seizure, Special Administration, and Organizational Takeover
Section 1: Grounds and Scope
Where a serious or repeated contravention is attributable to an organization and ordinary corrective measures cannot adequately stop continuing harm, secure lawful compensation, or protect affected persons, a competent court may place the offending operation under special judicial administration.
The court may intervene in an identified facility, program, organizational division, or the entire organization. Control of the whole organization requires a finding that the wrongdoing is directed by its leadership, substantially pervades its activities, or cannot effectively be isolated from lawful operations.
Section 2: Custodial Seizure
On findings that identified property is being used to continue serious abuse, obstruct lawful proceedings, conceal evidence, or frustrate restitution, the court may order:
(a) seizure, inventory, and preservation of specified premises, equipment, digital systems, goods, records, or currency;
(b) transfer of custody to an identified competent state organ or judicial administrator;
(c) restrictions on sale, withdrawal, damage, transfer, or disposal of the property;
(d) maintenance and temporary use of the property for lawful safeguarding, essential operations, or restitution; and
(e) return of property when continued custody is no longer justified.
A custodial seizure does not transfer title. An account freeze, currency seizure, or forfeiture shall follow Title 1, Chapter 1, Article 4 and the applicable IBTE procedures. Lawful claims of third parties remain protected.
Section 3: Appointment and Replacement of Leadership
The court may appoint a qualified independent administrator, a competent state organ acting through identified officers, or both, to assume the management powers stated in the order. The court may suspend or displace controlling managers responsible for the organization's continuing noncompliance and appoint temporary replacement leadership.
The administrator may:
(a) assume control of the affected organization, premises, and operations;
(b) direct personnel, access permissions, protective arrangements, necessary repairs, and essential services;
(c) replace managers or restrict their decisions within the order's scope;
(d) safeguard records, inventories, property, and organizational systems;
(e) exercise approved account-management authority, pay lawful expenses, wages, and victim claims;
(f) maintain or end contracts necessary for lawful operation, subject to court approval for material changes;
(g) close an abusive service or continue a necessary service under corrected procedures; and
(h) prepare and execute a court-approved compliance and transition plan.
The administrator exercises only the specified management powers, acts under judicial supervision, and does not become the beneficial owner of the property.
Section 4: Complete State Administration
Where the conditions in Section 1 justify intervention across the whole organization, the court may temporarily vest its governing, financial, personnel, and operational powers in a competent state organ or its appointed administrators, notwithstanding contrary internal management rules. Existing owners and members retain title and residual legal interests unless a later final order lawfully alters them.
An officer removed from management shall not countermand the judicial administration. The order shall identify the exact powers assumed and preserve lawful essential operations.
Section 5: Competent Authorities
The National Organizations Administration shall implement and record organizational status and representative changes in the Unified Register of Organizations. IBTE shall implement judicially authorized account custody and access according to the Civil Code. The National Gendarmerie and Police Administration may assist in enforcing lawful court orders.
The court shall choose a state organ with lawful competence to operate the affected service. Where no suitable organ exists, it may appoint a qualified independent administrator rather than assign unrelated powers to an existing Ministry.
Section 6: Return of Control
The court shall establish achievable criteria for return of management, including cessation of abuse, restitution and safeguarding, lawful appointments, corrected procedures, and reliable assurance against recurrence. It shall restore control when compliance is verified, or appoint lawful replacement leadership if the former managers remain disqualified.
Section 7: Permanent Closure, Transfer, and Dissolution
Following a final judgment establishing grave, deliberate, or persistent unlawful organizational conduct, and a further finding that corrective orders and temporary administration cannot adequately prevent recurrence, the court may:
(a) permanently prohibit the proven unlawful activity and close the relevant program;
(b) permanently disqualify culpable persons from the particular leadership function used for wrongdoing;
(c) order the dissolution and orderly winding up of an organization substantially operated for unlawful purposes;
(d) transfer affected operations and necessary property to a competent state organ or qualified successor for lawful continuation; and
(e) order forfeiture only of assets expressly forfeitable under the Civil Code.
A final transfer of lawful nonforfeitable property into state ownership shall require a reasoned acquisition order, fair compensation for innocent ownership interests, and provision for lawful creditors. Unlawful gains or property separately forfeited may pass to the state without such compensation under existing law. Mere custody under this Article never alone extinguishes title.
Section 8: Limits on Organizational Intervention
Belief, doctrine, political opinion, criticism of government, or lawful advocacy shall not independently justify takeover, dissolution, or property seizure. For a religious or political organization providing a covered secular service, the court shall ordinarily target the unlawful operation rather than unrelated worship or lawful political activity.
A court shall not dissolve or restructure a state organ exercising functions protected by superior law; it may grant corrective relief against unlawful conduct within its jurisdiction.
Section 3: Oversight, Safeguards, and Review of State Administration
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 18 immediately after Article 17, to read:
Article 18: Judicial Procedures for Special Administration
Section 1: Applications and Proof
An affected person, a lawful representative, or a competent public authority may seek an order under Articles 16 and 17. The applicant shall identify the acts alleged, property or organizational functions involved, evidence of continuing risk, and relief sought. A final civil order requires proof on the balance of probabilities. The organization and affected owners shall receive notice and a meaningful opportunity to be heard.
Section 2: Emergency Orders
Where credible evidence establishes imminent serious harm, destruction of essential evidence, or diversion of property needed for restitution, the court may order immediate cessation, temporary custody, preservation, or limited special administration without advance notice where notice would defeat protection. The court shall provide an opportunity for a hearing within 72 hours. An emergency seizure or takeover shall expire after 7 days unless lawfully continued after hearing.
Section 3: Required Findings
Before a final special-administration order the court shall state:
(a) the contravention, material facts, and affected persons;
(b) the harm and continuing risk;
(c) why ordinary orders cannot adequately protect persons or restore compliance;
(d) why narrower measures cannot effectively address the risk;
(e) the property, functions, premises, and officers affected;
(f) the identity and powers of the appointed administrator; and
(g) its term, reporting duties, and conditions for ending the intervention.
The court shall distinguish an order preserving property, an order controlling its use, and any final order transferring title.
Section 4: Duration and Extension
A special-administration order may initially operate for not more than 90 days. The administrator shall report at least once every 30 days. After notice and a hearing, the court may renew the order in further periods not exceeding 90 days each, only upon a fresh finding of continuing necessity. It shall narrow or discharge the order when that necessity ends.
Section 5: Asset Records and Lawful Claims
Property taken into custody shall be inventoried and separately accounted for. The appointed administrator shall record access, receipts, payments, transfers, and disposal. The court shall preserve sufficient lawful resources for immediate safety, necessary care, staff wages, preservation of property, and valid claims as circumstances permit. IBTE shall implement account measures through the applicable Currency Forfeiture Authorization process and the Civil Code.
Section 6: Administrator Duties
The administrator shall act impartially, disclose conflicts of interest, protect confidential information, avoid self-dealing, and exercise reasonable care. The court may replace an administrator for misconduct, incapacity, or failure to perform and may order restitution for proved unlawful diversion of property.
Section 7: Appeal, Review, and Transition
The organization, a person whose property is affected, or an authorized representative of persons receiving essential services may apply to narrow, vary, or terminate the order. A reviewing court may grant a proportionate stay, but an appeal does not automatically suspend an urgent safeguarding or evidence-preservation measure. A transition plan shall state how lawful management, residents, personnel, contracts, accounts, records, and essential services will continue after intervention.
Section 8: Deliberate Noncompliance
Where a person or organization knowingly disobeys a judicial corrective order without reasonable excuse, the court may, following notice and hearing, order a coercive civil payment not exceeding 2,500 SL for each complete day of continued noncompliance, up to 100,000 SL in 1 proceeding. The payment shall cease when compliance occurs. The court may use another authorized corrective measure if it is more effective.
Imprisonment requires a separately authorized criminal offense or applicable contempt power, and only a natural person may be imprisoned. This Section shall not permit duplicate punitive recovery for the same act.
Section 9: Public Bodies and Independent Functions
Orders addressed to a state organ shall be executed by its legally competent authority, subject to the Constitution and applicable Imperial law. Special administration shall not extinguish an organ's statutory existence, redirect its sovereign functions, or replace constitutionally protected appointments without the competent legal authority.
Section 4: Criminal Liability and Sentencing of Organizations
Title 7, Chapter 1 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 11 immediately after Article 10, Cumulative Liability, Distinct Conduct, and Restitution, and before Chapter 2, to read:
Article 11: Criminal Responsibility of Organizations
Section 1: Attribution of Criminal Conduct
An organization may be criminally liable where its officers or agents commit an offense through its activities and the prosecution proves beyond a reasonable doubt the required culpable mental state attributable to:
(a) a controlling officer acting within organizational authority;
(b) a decision or direction of its governing leadership; or
(c) a repeated unlawful practice knowingly authorized, ratified, or maintained by a person empowered to end it.
An unauthorized isolated act of an employee does not by itself establish organizational criminal liability. Conviction of a legal person requires that the registered form or applicable law recognizes the organization as a person capable of bearing the liability. Unincorporated activity remains subject to the individual responsibility of the persons conducting it.
Section 2: Responsibility of Individuals
An owner, officer, director, member, supervisor, or employee shall be criminally liable only for their own proven conduct, culpability, participation, or accountability under this Chapter. Status or ownership alone shall not establish guilt. The organization's liability does not shield a culpable individual or require a separate conviction of a named individual.
Section 3: Organizational Punishment
A convicted organization may be fined within the maximum stated for the underlying offense and may be subject to restitution, lawful forfeiture, injunctions, connected restrictions, and judicial administration authorized under Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 16 to 18. An organization shall not receive a sentence of imprisonment. Imprisonment may be imposed only on a natural person separately convicted.
Section 4: Civil Proceedings and Double Recovery
Civil responsibility under Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 7 remains available without a criminal conviction. The prosecution shall not rely solely on a civil finding to prove an offense. Restitution, financial compensation, and forfeiture shall be coordinated with existing rules preventing duplicate recovery or punishment for the same harm.
Section 5: Additional Judicial Orders for Each Criminal-Offense Category
Title 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 33 immediately after Article 32, as inserted by Chapter 8 of this Act, and before Chapter 9, to read:
Article 33: Offense-Specific Judicial Orders and Organizational Sanctions
Section 1: Application and Limits
Following conviction under Title 7, Chapter 8, Articles 25 to 32, or Title 7, Chapter 9, Articles 10 and 11, the court may impose the additional orders stated below alongside the relevant fine, imprisonment, and existing lawful sentence. Each order shall identify the offense, persons bound, necessity, scope, duration, and compliance obligations. Organizational takeover and transfer of assets remain subject to the independent requirements of Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 17 and 18.
Section 2: Criminal Discrimination and Retaliation
For Article 25, the court may order:
(a) restoration of wrongfully denied employment, housing, education, goods, or public services;
(b) repayment of lost wages, fees, or other proven benefits;
(c) correction of an organizational policy, discriminatory instruction, or unlawful practice;
(d) independent review and verification of the affected service; and
(e) disqualification of a culpable decision-maker from the connected hiring, admissions, housing, or supervisory function for not more than 365 days.
Section 3: Domestic Abuse and Protective Orders
For Articles 26 and 27, the court may order:
(a) restitution of coerced transfers, personal records, wages, or property;
(b) protection, no-contact, and access restrictions within the limits of Article 27;
(c) a suitable behavioral or educational program within the existing hours allowed by Article 26;
(d) safeguards for dependants and safe collection of possessions; and
(e) a restriction of an offender's connected financial, custodial, or supervisory authority where necessary and lawful.
An order shall not compel reconciliation or joint mediation with an abuser.
Section 4: Abuse and Neglect of Persons with Disabilities
For Article 28, the court may order:
(a) restoration or replacement of essential medication access, equipment, communication aids, support, and documents;
(b) return of misappropriated financial assets and other lawful restitution;
(c) the connected care, financial, or supervisory restrictions authorized by Article 28, Section 4;
(d) alternative safe care and independent safeguarding review; and
(e) corrective, custodial, or special-administration orders against an abusive institution under Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 17 and 18.
Section 5: Forced Sterilization and Reproductive Abuse
For Article 29, the court may order:
(a) immediate cessation of the unlawful reproductive practice;
(b) preservation of consent documents, medical records, and evidence by lawful process;
(c) restitution and the civil relief available to an affected patient;
(d) disqualification of the culpable person from the connected procedure, medical practice, or supervisory responsibility for not more than 1,825 days;
(e) independent correction and verification of an organization's clinical and consent procedures; and
(f) judicial custody of identified instruments or premises, replacement of abusive leadership, closure, or special administration of the offending operation where Articles 17 and 18 permit.
Section 6: Institutional Confinement, Medication, and Exploitation
For Article 30, the court may order:
(a) immediate termination of unlawful detention, isolation, chemical restraint, or denial of counsel;
(b) review of affected persons' confinement and lawful release where required;
(c) restoration of access to assistance, communication, belongings, documents, and medical care;
(d) an independent safeguarding inspection and compliance plan;
(e) removal from or disqualification for connected institutional, custodial, medical, or financial functions for not more than 1,825 days; and
(f) custody of relevant premises, equipment, records, or accounts, temporary state operation, court-appointed replacement management, or closure pursuant to Articles 17 and 18.
Section 7: Coercive Therapeutic and Behavioral Programs
For Article 31, the court may order:
(a) immediate cessation of a prohibited therapeutic program and release of unlawfully confined participants;
(b) restitution of payments, restoration of records and belongings, and necessary safe transition of care;
(c) disqualification of a culpable director or operator from the related service for not more than 1,825 days;
(d) preservation of relevant materials and records; and
(e) special administration, custodial seizure, closure, dissolution, or transfer of an abusive operation according to Articles 17 and 18.
Section 8: Corporal Punishment and Child Protection
For Article 32, the court may order:
(a) cessation of the prohibited punishment and measures protecting the child;
(b) suitable parent or staff education not exceeding 24 hours;
(c) disqualification from connected educational or child-supervisory duties for not more than 365 days;
(d) a written school safeguarding and compliance plan; and
(e) replacement of abusive educational management or special administration of a systematically abusive school or residential program where Articles 17 and 18 permit.
Removal of a child from parental custody or termination of parental authority requires a separate lawful safeguarding basis and shall not follow automatically from a conviction. The child's welfare and expressed views shall be considered.
Section 9: Hate Harassment and Criminal Incitement
For offenses under Chapter 9, Articles 10 and 11, the court may order the targeted no-contact, restitution, educational, and removal remedies authorized there. Where an organization knowingly conducts an unlawful campaign satisfying the criminal requirements, it may also be subject to corrective compliance measures and special administration under Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 16 to 18 when their independent conditions are satisfied. Such an order shall not prohibit lawful advocacy, religious teaching, criticism, or protected expression.
Section 10: Coordination
Custody of property is not a transfer of title. A criminal conviction does not by itself authorize permanent forfeiture, takeover, or dissolution; the independent requirements of Articles 17 and 18 govern.
Section 1: Designations and Minimum National Standards
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code, as amended by this Act, is amended by inserting Article 19 immediately after Article 18, to read:
Article 19: Lawful Nudity Zones
Section 1: General Right and Application
Complete or partial nonsexual nudity by a consenting person is lawful within an area designated under this Article. A person shall not be prosecuted for public indecency merely for ordinary nonsexual nudity within the stated boundaries and operating times. Harassment, sexual assault, coercion, photography in breach of privacy, and deliberate sexual conduct exposing nonconsenting persons remain subject to the applicable law.
Section 2: Classes of Designation
A competent authority may designate:
(a) a Permanent Public Recreation Zone, including a beach, shoreline, park, or other suitable public recreation area;
(b) a Temporary Event Zone, operating only for the dates and hours stated in its instrument;
(c) a Managed Premises Zone, consisting of an enclosed or controlled-access facility designated for lawful clothing-optional use; or
(d) a Limited Private Zone, consisting of private premises for which the lawful owner or occupier has consented and whose permitted access is defined.
Every designation shall identify its class, location or parcel, boundaries, permitted times, responsible operator, access arrangements, and conditions necessary to protect surrounding public areas.
Section 3: Competent Approval and Delegation
The competent national authority, subnational government, or locality may make a designation for land within its lawful territorial and land-management jurisdiction. A subnational government or locality may adopt its designation through a local enactment or an individual designation order issued under express authority of this Article. A competent national Ministry may prescribe uniform implementation procedures by Policy Order within its lawful jurisdiction. An Administration may issue an Administration Order only if expressly authorized to do so by law and within the limits of that delegation.
A designation on privately held land requires consent of the person lawfully entitled to control its use. A designation of protected, reserved, or specially administered public land also requires approval of the organ legally responsible for that land. The National Land Administration shall be notified of a designation affecting registered parcels or public land records, without creating a separate transfer of title.
Section 4: No General Prohibition
No subnational government, locality, or subordinate state organ may enact or maintain a general prohibition on all designations under this Article. It may regulate location, capacity, operating hours, access, public safety, privacy, sanitation, and environmental conditions on reasonable and proportionate grounds. An application may be refused for identifiable site-specific reasons, but a refusal shall state those reasons and be open to lawful administrative or judicial review.
Section 5: Boundary Signs and Visibility
Every public approach by which an ordinary visitor may enter a zone shall display an unobstructed, conspicuous warning before the boundary. The warning shall state, in legible lettering, “NUDITY PERMITTED BEYOND THIS POINT”, and shall identify the designated zone and whether it is temporary or permanent.
Each warning sign shall use a bright yellow background of high visual contrast, approximately #F5FF00, with black lettering and an additional glowing visual treatment using glow squid ink or a functionally equivalent luminous material. The sign shall be effectively lit and visible under the ordinary conditions of use, including hours of darkness where entry remains permitted. A sign shall not be hidden by foliage, structures, doors, or commercial advertising.
The operator shall visibly mark the zone's perimeter, maintain the notices during its operating hours, and position ordinary access paths so a person can read the notice and choose not to enter. Where reasonably practicable, boundary screening, suitable orientation, or a transition area shall prevent inadvertent direct exposure from adjacent unrestricted public routes and occupied premises.
Section 6: Access and Conduct
Entry shall be voluntary. No person shall be compelled to undress or exposed to retaliation for choosing to remain clothed. The authority may designate a lawful adults-only event or premises where necessary for safeguarding, provided restrictions are stated in the designation; ordinary public recreation zones shall not be presumed adults-only solely because nudity is permitted.
A private operator may adopt equally applied entry, photography, privacy, and behavioral rules within the designated premises.
Section 7: Revocation and Oversight
The competent authority may suspend or revoke an individual designation for demonstrable material safety, privacy, environmental, or repeated compliance failures, giving written reasons and an opportunity for review. An urgent suspension necessary to prevent imminent serious harm shall receive prompt review. The authority shall not use revocation to establish a general local ban contrary to Section 4.
Section 8: Remedies
A court may declare an unlawful blanket prohibition invalid, order reconsideration of an arbitrary denial, and restrain an operator or public body from maintaining a zone without the required signs and boundaries.
Section 1: Legal Status, Consent, and Protection of Workers
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 20 immediately after Article 19, to read:
Article 20: Lawful Sex Work and Equal Legal Protection
Section 1: Legality and Definitions
Voluntary sex work, including prostitution, is lawful where every participant satisfies the law governing sexual consent and age of consent under Title 7, Chapter 8, Articles 18 and 21. Sex work means the consensual provision of sexual services in exchange for payment or other consideration. The terms sex worker, client, and operator describe conduct or functions, not a person's sex, gender, gender identity or expression, or sexual orientation. Every legally eligible person may provide or receive such services on equal terms. No worker, client, or lawful operator shall be punished merely for participating in an activity lawful under this Article.
This Article binds national, subnational, and local public authorities, law-enforcement officers, state institutions, and private organizations.
Section 2: Human Dignity and Material Conditions
Legal recognition protects workers against violence, criminalization, and exploitation without treating the economic sale of intimate labor as evidence that society has supplied equal opportunity. Public policy shall recognize that poverty, dependency, and insufficient alternatives can constrain meaningful choice. Voluntary access to other occupations and existing lawful public support shall be preserved and never conditioned on abandoning sex work.
Section 3: Continuous Consent and Right to Refuse
A worker may decline any client, service, act, or condition and withdraw consent at any time, notwithstanding prior payment or agreement. No contract may compel personal performance of a sexual act. A genuinely owed payment for a completed lawful service, an authorized refund, or another independent civil obligation may be adjudicated without compelling sexual performance.
No worker shall be required to surrender personal identification, earnings, housing access, communication equipment, or freedom of movement to an operator or client.
Section 4: Freedom from Coercion
A person shall not compel sex work through violence, threats, unlawful debt, confiscation of documents, abuse of authority, confinement, exploitation of dependency, or threats of immigration, registration, or police consequences. A person shall not procure or receive earnings from sex work performed contrary to the law governing age of consent, knowingly engage a person who cannot lawfully consent as a client, or operate premises involving such conduct. A person protected by the age-of-consent law shall not be criminally punished merely for being exploited.
An operator may receive an agreed and disclosed business fee for safe premises and ordinary services but shall not seize wages, impose punitive debts, or profit from coercion.
Section 5: Workplace and Health Protections
A worker shall have effective access to agreed pay, personal safety, privacy, reasonable sanitary conditions, complaint and emergency assistance, and lawful occupational protections. Operators shall make relevant health information and appropriate protective supplies available without imposing compulsory medical examinations, medical status publication, or intrusive surveillance.
A client and operator shall comply with applicable law on consent, hygiene, violence, and infection prevention. An operator shall not advertise or guarantee that an employee is free of infection based on a medical examination.
Section 6: Confidentiality and Non-discrimination
A public authority or organization shall not disclose a person's status as a current or former sex worker without a specific lawful purpose. Employment, ordinary healthcare, housing, access to law enforcement, and existing benefits shall not be denied merely because of lawful adult sex work, except where a directly relevant and proportionate legal requirement applies.
Section 7: No Forced Rehabilitation
No state organ, court, institution, employer, family member, or business operator may compel a person to undertake psychiatric detention, drug treatment, labor placement, counseling, or rehabilitation merely because the person engages or has engaged in lawful adult sex work. A genuinely voluntary program may be offered without threat, penalty, or loss of unrelated entitlements.
Section 8: Civil Remedies
A worker may seek enforcement of lawful pay and property rights, cessation of coercion or retaliation, confidential access to protection, and the remedies in Articles 7 and 16. The court may restrict or close an abusive operation, suspend culpable leadership, or order special administration under Articles 17 and 18 when their independent requirements are met.
Section 2: Premises, Land Use, Construction, and Operating Requirements
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 21 immediately after Article 20, to read:
Article 21: Commercial Sex-Work Premises, Land Use, and Safety
Section 1: Classes and Registration
A commercial sex-work premises is a building or other enclosed establishment systematically offered for lawful adult sexual services. Its permissible forms include:
(a) an Independently Operated Premises used by one or more self-directed workers without an outside operator;
(b) a Managed Commercial Premises operated by a registered business or organization;
(c) a Small Shared Premises where adult workers share facilities and overhead without surrendering control of their services; and
(d) a Temporary Event Premises authorized for specific dates and hours.
An enterprise with separate legal registration shall comply with the National Organizations Administration's existing registration requirements. Individual sex workers shall not be placed on a public sex-worker register solely for performing lawful services.
Section 2: Local Siting and Zoning
A competent subnational government or locality may designate sites or suitable districts for commercial premises through local land-use legislation or a written siting determination made under this Article. The decision shall consider separation from facilities principally used by children, access from public routes, the character and capacity of the parcel, neighboring residential privacy, fire and public safety, and the adequacy of the premises.
A commercial premises with public customer entry shall not share a principal public entrance with a school or a facility primarily providing care to children. A local authority may impose a greater site-specific separation only where objectively necessary and proportionate.
A locality shall not prohibit all lawful adult sex-work premises or impose requirements so unreasonable that no viable location remains available without a genuine land-use or safety justification. Written refusals shall explain the objective defect and shall be subject to judicial review.
Section 3: Approval Instruments
A premises may operate upon written approval of the competent local or subnational land-use authority, or the national land authority where national law assigns that jurisdiction, following verification of Section 4. The decision shall identify the parcel, authorized premises class, operator, lawful occupancy, and conditions.
The Ministry of Interior may prescribe uniform approval and inspection procedures by Policy Order under this express delegation. A competent Administration may issue an Administration Order only under an express lawful delegation. Such instruments may prescribe safety procedures but shall not create a new offense, impose arbitrary additional taxes, or reverse the legality established in Article 20.
Section 4: Minimum Building and Room Standards
Every commercial premises shall provide:
(a) a separately enclosed service room with a minimum unobstructed internal floor area of 4 metres by 4 metres and clear internal height of not less than 3 metres;
(b) a solid or otherwise visually private perimeter, a functional entrance, and a door capable of immediate release from the inside without an operator's permission;
(c) a safe unobstructed passage to an exit, with common corridors at least 2 metres in clear width;
(d) adequate permanent lighting in occupied rooms and access routes, with a means of emergency illumination where reasonably needed;
(e) safe materials, stable floors, protection against foreseeable falls, and separation from hazardous machinery, open flames, or unprotected electrical equipment;
(f) access to a usable toilet, hand-cleaning facilities, fresh drinking water, and means of cleaning the room and its furnishing;
(g) a private location for personal effects and an accessible means of contacting emergency assistance without interference by management; and
(h) reasonable sound and visual privacy against unintended exposure to persons outside the premises.
An establishment with more than 4 service rooms shall provide at least 2 independently usable routes for emergency exit unless the competent construction authority certifies an equally protective arrangement. Each facility shall maintain a reasonable occupant limit and a written plan for safe evacuation.
Section 5: Hygiene and Protection
Operators shall provide cleanable surfaces, hygienic bedding or equivalent coverings, fresh replacements between clients where applicable, routine cleaning, secure waste handling, and suitable infection-prevention materials. Bathrooms and hand-cleaning facilities shall remain usable throughout operating hours. Doors shall not be locked against a worker or client who wishes to leave.
Section 6: Premises Inspection
The authority issuing premises approval may inspect the structural, sanitation, access, and public-safety requirements stated in this Article after reasonable notice. An immediate inspection without notice requires a defined urgent danger or separately lawful authority. Entry into private living quarters or other constitutionally protected premises requires consent or lawful judicial process.
Inspectors shall not require sexual services, compel a sexual health examination, create a public list of workers, or disclose private client or worker details without a lawful necessity.
Section 7: Corrective Directions
An unsafe premises may receive a reasoned correction notice, proportionate operating restriction, or temporary closure of an affected room or facility. An urgent closure shall be subject to prompt review. A court may require repairs, preserve worker earnings and belongings, and invoke Articles 16 to 18 for sustained serious organizational abuse.
Section 8: Independent and Home-Based Activity
An adult working independently in a lawful private dwelling or another private place shall not be required to create an enterprise, operate a multiroom establishment, or obtain a commercial premises certificate solely by reason of that work. Generally applicable safety, tenancy, land use, nuisance, and public-order rules continue to apply.
Section 1: Prohibited Practices in Custody, Care, and Public Services
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 22 immediately after Article 21, to read:
Article 22: Protection Against Coercive Institutional Practices
Section 1: Persons Bound
This Article binds every national, subnational, and local state organ, public or private hospital, psychiatric service, rehabilitation facility, correctional institution, shelter, school, social service, healthcare provider, organization, and person exercising custody, professional authority, or control over access to a necessary service.
Section 2: Forced Rehabilitation
No person shall be confined, abducted, threatened, or compelled to participate in a labor, behavioral, psychiatric, sexual, or substance-use rehabilitation program as punishment for lawful conduct or merely on the basis of addiction, poverty, homelessness, disability, or engagement in lawful sex work. Compulsory drug rehabilitation camps and programs using forced labor, isolation, or deprivation to secure compliance are prohibited.
A voluntary program remains lawful. Emergency treatment of an immediate serious medical danger may occur only under existing lawful medical authority, on individualized grounds, for no longer than necessary, and shall not be used as a substitute for court-authorized confinement.
Section 3: Psychiatric Admission Quotas
A public or private institution shall not establish, reward, impose, or meet numerical admission, detention, medication, or occupancy quotas requiring or encouraging the unnecessary psychiatric confinement of any person. Administrative capacity planning based on genuine patient needs is permitted but shall not govern an individual decision to admit, detain, medicate, or discharge a patient.
Section 4: Abandonment of Patients
A hospital or care institution shall not knowingly discharge, transfer, leave, or refuse essential handover arrangements for a person under its care where the institution has a current duty to provide care and doing so exposes the person to an imminent substantial risk of serious harm that the institution can reasonably prevent.
An informed patient's lawful decision to leave, necessary emergency transfer, appropriate discharge, and unavoidable resource shortfall despite reasonable efforts are not prohibited by this Section. Institutions shall make reasonable arrangements for necessary records, medication instructions, assistance, and continuity of care when discharging a dependent person.
Section 5: Restraint During Childbirth
A pregnant or postpartum patient shall not be shackled or subjected to mechanical restraints during active labor, delivery, or immediate recovery as a routine condition of custody, punishment, disciplinary control, or administrative convenience. Exceptionally, where an individualized and immediate serious threat of violence cannot be prevented by a less restrictive measure, a medically compatible temporary measure may be used only as necessary and shall be promptly removed and independently reviewed. Restraints shall not obstruct delivery, breathing, circulation, or emergency treatment.
Section 6: Sign Language and Communication
No authority, employer, healthcare provider, educational institution, or other covered organization shall prohibit or punish an individual's use of sign language or another lawful communication aid merely because of its form, social stigma, or administrative preference. Reasonable measures necessary for an immediate safety or security need may regulate a particular setting only where an equally effective means of communication is maintained.
An affected person shall have access to reasonable communication accommodations in essential healthcare, judicial, custodial, educational, and public services according to Article 5.
Section 7: Sanitation and Basic Necessities
No person with custodial, caregiving, employment, or institutional authority shall withhold access to a functional toilet, basic washing, safe drinking water, essential sanitary materials, or necessary hygiene facilities to punish, humiliate, intimidate, control, or compel a person. Brief restrictions genuinely necessary to prevent an immediate danger shall preserve a safe and effective alternative.
Section 8: Isolation of Abuse Victims
A person reporting or experiencing abuse shall not be forcibly secluded, detained, isolated from independent support, prevented from leaving a voluntary shelter, or deprived of communication merely to avoid investigation, public complaint, or embarrassment to an organization. A protective shelter or confidential location may be offered on a voluntary basis, without surrendering the person's ordinary legal rights.
Any restraint independently authorized by law to address immediate danger shall remain subject to necessity, proportionality, independent review, and access to legal advice.
Section 9: Remedies Against Authorities and Organizations
A person affected by this Article may seek immediate cessation, lawful release, restoration of care or sanitation, protection from retaliation, compensation, and other relief under Articles 7 and 16. Where an organization's operation poses continuing serious risk, the court may order inspection, replacement of culpable managers, custodial seizure, or special administration under Articles 17 and 18. A public authority remains bound by these duties and shall comply through its legally competent officers.
Section 2: Family Poverty and Conditional Educational Protection
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 23 immediately after Article 22, to read:
Article 23: Family Integrity and Educational Participation
Section 1: No Removal for Poverty Alone
A public authority, court, agency, residential institution, or other person exercising legal child-protection functions shall not remove a child from parental custody, terminate parental rights, place the child in compulsory institutional care, or refuse family reunification solely because a parent or household is poor, unemployed, unhoused, indebted, receiving lawful benefits, or unable to provide an otherwise preferred standard of material comfort.
Poverty and financial need do not by themselves establish abuse, parental unfitness, neglect, or immediate danger. A finding of neglect shall address the child's actual safety, parental conduct, resources reasonably available, and whether essential assistance could adequately protect the child.
Section 2: Safeguarding and Support
Where the child's circumstances raise a genuine risk, the competent authority shall consider reasonable available material or social support and less intrusive protection before separation, unless immediate serious danger requires urgent action. A protective measure shall be no broader or longer than necessary. The child's views shall be considered under Article 12.
This Article does not prevent action based on independently established violence, exploitation, abandonment, or a substantial and immediate risk of serious harm. Economic disadvantage may be relevant evidence of need but not an independent legal ground for removal.
Section 3: Pregnancy and Educational Access
When and only when a nationwide education program established by Act of Parliament has commenced, a pupil or student otherwise eligible for that program shall not be excluded, denied instruction, prevented from sitting assessments, or unfairly penalized because of pregnancy, childbirth, recovery from childbirth, or breastfeeding.
An educational institution shall make reasonable, individually appropriate arrangements for medically necessary absence, continuation of studies, assessment, privacy, and safe participation. A necessary and proportionate medical or safety accommodation shall not be treated as exclusion.
Section 4: Civil Relief and Responsibility
The duties in this Article bind public authorities, courts acting in welfare proceedings, public and private institutions, and persons exercising child-protection authority. A competent court may order reversal of an unsupported removal, lawful reassessment, restoration of contact, available support, independent representation, or other necessary relief under Articles 7 and 16. No remedy shall require return to a setting in which a separately proved immediate serious danger remains.
Section 1: Coercion and Exploitation in Sex Work
Title 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 34 immediately after Article 33, as inserted by Chapter 10 of this Act, to read:
Article 34: Coercive Sex-Work Practices and Exploitation
Section 1: Coercion and Deprivation
A person commits an offense where the person knowingly uses violence, threats, confinement, substantial deception, unlawful debt, confiscation of documents or essential property, or abuse of authority or material dependency to compel another person to provide commercial sexual services, remain in an establishment, surrender earnings, or continue after withdrawing consent.
An offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 250,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 180 days.
Section 2: Exploitation in Violation of the Age-of-Consent Law
A person commits an offense by knowingly obtaining sexual services from, procuring, recruiting, providing premises for, managing, or receiving revenue from commercial sexual services involving conduct prohibited by the law governing age of consent. A person protected by that law shall not be criminally liable merely for having been used in such activity. A person who consciously disregards a substantial and obvious risk that the conduct violates the age-of-consent law shall be treated as knowing that circumstance for this Section.
An offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 365 days.
Section 3: Withholding Earnings or Documents
An operator who knowingly appropriates or withholds a sex worker's earned pay, identification documents, or essential personal belongings, and refuses restoration after a lawful demand, commits an offense where the withholding materially restrains the person's freedom or financial independence.
An offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.
Section 4: Dangerous Premises and Defiance of Orders
An operator commits an offense where, after receiving an enforceable final corrective or closure order under Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 21, the operator knowingly continues the prohibited activity and thereby exposes workers or others to a substantial and foreseeable risk of serious bodily injury.
An offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.
An ordinary correctable building defect without the mental state, prior order, and serious risk required by this Section is a civil or administrative matter rather than a criminal offense.
Section 5: Aggravated Coercion
Where an offense under Section 1 causes serious bodily injury, involves repeated grave exploitation of multiple persons, or includes prolonged unlawful confinement, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 365 days.
Section 6: Judicial Orders and Liability
The court may order restitution of earnings, return of documents, compensation through lawful proceedings, release from unlawful confinement, protection of victims, disqualification of culpable operators for not more than 1,825 days, and seizure or special administration under Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 17 and 18 where their independent conditions are met.
Organizational criminal liability is governed by Chapter 1, Article 11.
Section 2: Institutional Coercion and Safeguarding Offenses
Title 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 35 immediately after Article 34, to read:
Article 35: Institutional Coercion, Patient Abandonment, and Deprivation
Section 1: Coercive Rehabilitation and Isolation
A person commits an offense where the person intentionally confines, transfers, or prevents another person from leaving a compulsory rehabilitation or labor program without lawful authority, or uses force, threats, or unlawful deprivation to compel participation in an ostensibly therapeutic or corrective program.
A person also commits an offense by knowingly confining or isolating a person reporting or experiencing abuse for the purpose of silencing the person, preventing independent assistance, or concealing wrongdoing, without an independent lawful basis for the confinement.
An offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 250,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 180 days.
Section 2: Psychiatric Admission Quotas and Wrongful Detention
A controlling officer or institution manager commits an offense by knowingly ordering, rewarding, or maintaining an admission or detention quota and thereby intentionally causing or continuing psychiatric confinement of a person who does not satisfy the governing legal conditions for that confinement.
An offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 150,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 90 days.
Section 3: Abandonment of Dependent Patients
A person entrusted with an active institutional duty of care commits an offense by knowingly abandoning, dumping, or arranging a discharge or transfer of a dependent patient without necessary and reasonably available handover or safeguarding arrangements, consciously disregarding a substantial risk of serious injury or death.
An offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.
Section 4: Unlawful Restraint During Childbirth
A person commits an offense by knowingly applying or directing shackles or mechanical restraints to a person during active labor, delivery, or immediate medical recovery for a custodial, punitive, or administrative purpose other than an immediate serious threat of violence that cannot be prevented by a less restrictive measure. A temporary measure within the narrow exception in Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 22, Section 5 is excluded.
An offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.
Section 5: Punitive Sanitation or Communication Deprivation
A person entrusted with custody, care, or essential-service authority commits an offense by knowingly withholding necessary toilet access, safe drinking water, washing facilities, or essential hygiene as punishment or coercion and thereby causing serious harm or a substantial and foreseeable risk of serious harm.
A person exercising similar authority commits an offense by knowingly suppressing an individual's use of sign language or an essential communication aid for the purpose of coercion or discrimination and thereby materially obstructing access to necessary healthcare, legal representation, emergency assistance, or an essential public service, without an effective alternative.
An offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.
Section 6: Aggravated Offenses
Where an offense under this Article causes serious permanent injury, involves prolonged unlawful confinement, or forms part of a repeated organized practice involving multiple victims, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:
(a) a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL;
(b) imprisonment not exceeding 365 days.
Section 7: Judicial Orders and State Responsibility
Following conviction, the court may order release from unlawful confinement, safe transfer of care, restoration of sanitation or communication, repayment of misappropriated funds, preservation of evidence, safeguarding inspections, restitution, and disqualification of culpable persons from related custodial, medical, or supervisory functions for not more than 1,825 days.
For grave institutional wrongdoing the court may order custodial seizure, replacement of leadership, closure, or special administration under Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 17 and 18. Criminal organizational liability is governed by Chapter 1, Article 11. A public official acting under color of government authority remains personally answerable for proved misconduct; discipline or removal from a protected office follows its applicable constitutional procedure.
Section 8: Relationship with Existing Offenses
Necessary individualized emergency treatment, lawful psychiatric confinement, voluntary rehabilitation, appropriate discharge, and genuine short-term security measures do not constitute an offense under this Article without proof of its required elements.
Section 3: Public Indecency and Lawful Nudity
Title 7, Chapter 9, Article 7, Section 2 of the Civil Code is amended by adding the following paragraph at its end:
Nonsexual nudity within a zone lawfully designated under Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 19 is not public indecency merely because the person is unclothed.
Section 4: Application to Government, Organizations, and Existing Law
The rights, duties, and remedies created by this Act bind national, subnational, and local state organs, and public and private organizations within their stated scope. A subordinate rule may restrict conduct made lawful by this Act only under an express and applicable legal authorization.
No new offense created by this Act shall apply to conduct occurring before its commencement.
Section 1: Protection Against Housing-Status Discrimination
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code, as proposed by this Act, is amended by inserting Article 24 immediately after Article 23, to read:
Article 24: Protection Against Housing-Status Discrimination
Section 1: Meaning and Coverage
Homelessness means lacking a fixed, regular, secure, and adequate home, including persons sleeping outdoors, staying in temporary shelter, or otherwise lacking a stable residence. Housing insecurity includes imminent loss of housing, insecure temporary accommodation, or unfit accommodation without a stable alternative.
This Article protects persons currently, formerly, or perceived to be homeless or housing insecure. No person shall be presumed to have a disability, addiction, criminal history, inadequate character, or inability to work solely because of housing status.
Section 2: Equal Treatment by Public and Private Bodies
No national, subnational, or local state organ, public contractor, landlord, employer, business, or organization providing an activity covered by Article 1, Section 3 shall deny or materially restrict a lawful opportunity because of a person's housing status. Protected activities include jobs, rental applications, training, commerce, healthcare, education, financial services, transport, public benefits, and public facilities.
Section 3: Shops and Private Premises Open to the Public
A shop, restaurant, market, or other business open to the public shall not refuse entry or service, impose an unequal price, or expel a person solely for homelessness, poverty-associated appearance, lack of a permanent address, or an unsupported assumption of dangerousness.
A business may enforce genuine, proportionate, and consistently applied rules on conduct, hygiene, safety, capacity, payment, and protection of property. This Section does not require an owner to permit sleeping in a shop or entry into genuinely private or restricted premises.
Section 4: Housing and Employment Applications
A landlord, employer, or public registration authority shall not automatically reject a person solely for lacking a fixed mailing address, ordinary tenancy history, or documents unobtainable because of housing instability. Where verification is materially necessary, reasonable alternatives shall be considered, including a reliable correspondence contact, lawful identity record, or other suitable evidence.
Ordinary financial, suitability, safety, and occupancy criteria remain lawful where objectively justified and proportionate. Rules designed in effect to exclude unhoused applicants without adequate justification are prohibited.
Section 5: Lawful Presence and Survival Activities
Homelessness itself is not an offense. A person shall not be arrested, fined, expelled from an otherwise lawfully accessible public place, or denied ordinary public movement merely for being without housing, carrying possessions, seeking assistance, sitting, resting, or sleeping without other unlawful conduct.
The competent authority may enforce necessary and proportionate rules protecting emergency passage, public access, environmental safety, health, and property. This Article does not authorize trespass, obstruction, dangerous encampments, unlawful construction, or occupation of private land. Conduct-based requirements shall be applied consistently and not used as a disguised blanket prohibition based on housing status. A general rule prohibiting ordinary sitting, resting, or sleeping throughout otherwise accessible public places, without a concrete, necessary, and proportionate justification concerning actual safety, access, or environmental harm, shall be unenforceable notwithstanding its facially neutral wording.
Section 6: Public-Site Clearances and Belongings
An ordinary nonemergency clearance of an inhabited public site shall be based on identified legal authority and, where practicable, preceded by at least 48 hours' accessible notice, an opportunity to collect possessions, and information about reasonably available alternatives. Imminent serious danger may justify immediate action, with reasons recorded.
A person's possessions shall not be treated as abandoned solely because the person is homeless. Nonhazardous belongings lawfully removed shall be inventoried and, where practicable, available for recovery for at least 14 days. Hazardous, perishable, or unlawful items remain subject to otherwise applicable law.
Section 7: Public Facilities and Assistance
A public restroom, library, park, transit facility, or other ordinary public service shall not exclude a person solely on the basis of housing status. Ordinary access and safety rules remain applicable. Voluntary shelter, lawful benefits, and emergency assistance shall not be conditioned on coerced psychiatric treatment, religious observance, or a declaration of personal fault unless a specific and lawful eligibility rule independently requires relevant conduct.
Section 8: Remedies
Articles 7 and 16 govern civil complaints and relief, including restoration of access, corrective directions, return of belongings, proven compensation, and judicial review. Organizational responsibility and special administration remain governed by Articles 7, 17, and 18. Deliberate denial or retaliation may be prosecuted under Title 7, Chapter 8, Article 25 only where every required criminal element is proved.
Section 2: Statistical Housing Classifications
Title 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 25 immediately after Article 24, to read:
Article 25: Homelessness and Housing-Exclusion Statistics
Section 1: Statistical Purpose
Housing-status classifications shall describe actual living circumstances for public statistics, planning, and evaluation. They are not tiers of dignity, personal worth, employability, health, dangerousness, or legal entitlement. Homeless persons may be employed, financially solvent, studying, living temporarily with others, or otherwise maintaining ordinary personal and professional lives.
Section 2: Primary Classification
For a stated reporting date, the competent statistical authority shall assign a person or household the most applicable primary category according to the actual sleeping arrangement and whether stable housing is available:
(a) Class A, Unsheltered: outdoors, in a vehicle, or in a place not ordinarily intended or fit for habitation, without a stable alternative home;
(b) Class B, Emergency Shelter: emergency accommodation, overnight shelters, or temporary refuge without stable housing;
(c) Class C, Transitional Housing: a time-limited housing or supported residential program without permanent accommodation;
(d) Class D, Temporarily Sharing: staying with family, friends, or others because no secure independent residence is available, without a stable right to remain;
(e) Class E, Temporary Lodging: short-term paid or sponsored accommodation without a continuing secure residence;
(f) Class F, Institutional Exit: remaining in an institution pending discharge or release where no secure destination has been identified;
(g) Class G, Insecure or Inadequate Housing: a dwelling subject to serious insecure tenure, impending displacement, severe overcrowding, or material unfitness, without a stable alternative; or
(h) Class H, Imminent Risk: presently in otherwise adequate housing but credibly facing its near-term loss without an identified secure alternative.
Classes A to F describe homelessness or temporary accommodation. Classes G and H describe housing exclusion or imminent risk; they shall be reported separately from the count of currently homeless persons. Where more than one condition applies, the current sleeping arrangement identifies the primary category and other material circumstances may be recorded as secondary attributes.
Section 3: Supplemental Measures
For statistical purposes, the authority may also record the duration of the present housing spell in completed days, the number of separate spells in the previous 12 months, household size, dependent children, movement into stable accommodation, and voluntarily disclosed material causes of displacement. Descriptions such as short-term, recurring, or prolonged homelessness shall be derived from time and recurrence, never from assumptions about character or diagnosis.
Section 4: Administration and Standards
The Ministry of Interior shall coordinate national housing-status statistics, with assistance from existing competent state organs, subnational governments, and localities. A lawful delegation may assign technical compilation to an existing Administration, without conferring independent police powers or overriding a superior allocation of functions.
A published statistical method shall disclose the reference date, definitions, sources, missing-response treatment, double-counting controls, and compatible subnational aggregation rules.
Section 5: Privacy and Non-Compulsion
A person shall not be forced to register as homeless, disclose a medical diagnosis or intimate conduct, undergo a drug test, or provide a permanent address merely to exercise the rights in Article 24 or be counted in statistics. Named information may be handled only for a lawful and specific purpose, with access restrictions and a reasonable retention period. Public statistical results shall ordinarily be aggregated, and small identifiable groups shall be suppressed or combined.
Section 6: Protection from Misuse
A statistical class shall not itself justify an arrest, compulsory medical treatment, employment refusal, denial of a public facility, separation of a family, or a lower legal status. Individual eligibility for housing assistance and other programs shall rest on the relevant lawful program criteria and actual circumstances rather than a moral or criminal presumption attached to a class.
Section 7: Remedies
A materially affected person may seek correction of inaccurate data, cessation of unlawful disclosure or discriminatory use, and remedies under Articles 7 and 16. A statistical classification is not conclusive proof of personal legal status.
Section 1: Establishment and Recognition of Appointments
Title 2 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Chapter 33, Imperial Household Administration, immediately after Chapter 32, Imperial Family and Heir Apparent, and before Title 3, to begin as follows:
Chapter 33 - Imperial Household Administration
Article 1: Establishment and Government
Section 1: Establishment
There is established the Imperial Household Administration, a special Administration attached directly to the reigning Monarch for the management of the Emperor's household establishment, its authorized personnel, official appointments, premises, administrative records, and lawful expenditure. It is not a Ministry and shall not exercise general executive, police, electoral, or fiscal regulatory authority.
Section 2: Direct Imperial Supervision
The Administration shall report directly to the reigning Emperor. Its establishment by this Chapter constitutes a special statutory arrangement under Title 2, Chapter 4, Article 5. The ordinary requirement for recommendation and oversight by a parent Minister shall not apply.
Section 3: Leadership and Direct Reporting
The Imperial Household Administration shall retain the following leadership and reporting structure:
(a) The Lord Chamberlain of the Household shall serve as Administrator of the Imperial Household Administration and, under the Emperor, shall be responsible for its general direction, staffing, appointments, facilities, and lawful budget execution.
(b) The Lord Steward of the Household shall serve as Deputy Administrator under the Lord Chamberlain. The Lord Steward shall direct ordinary household operations, property maintenance, supplies, and support services, and shall act as successor where applicable under general administrative law.
(c) The Emperor shall appoint and may remove the Lord Chamberlain and Lord Steward. These traditional titles shall be open to qualified persons of any sex or gender. They shall not create duplicate positions titled Administrator or Deputy Administrator or confer membership of the Imperial Family.
Section 4: Secretarial Offices and Reporting Hierarchy
The existing offices of Emperor's Secretary and Private Secretary to the Sovereign shall continue as distinct positions with the following reporting relationships and duties:
(a) The Emperor's Secretary shall report directly to the Emperor on official government and affairs-of-state business, outside the command of the Lord Chamberlain and the Imperial Household Administration. The Emperor's Secretary shall manage official Imperial correspondence, governmental audiences and scheduling, communications with Parliament, the Chancellor, the Privy Council, courts, and state organs, and the preparation, transmission, and orderly recording of state instruments. The office shall not independently exercise powers reserved to the Emperor or another state organ.
(b) The Private Secretary to the Sovereign shall receive the Emperor's direct instructions on personal affairs and shall be subject to the Lord Chamberlain's general administrative direction for household matters. The Private Secretary shall manage private correspondence, personal appointments, family and household arrangements, private audiences, domestic hospitality, and confidential personal matters; coordinate with the Lord Chamberlain and Lord Steward; and supervise the Office of Household Appointments.
(c) The Office of Household Appointments shall be an internal unit supervised by the Private Secretary to the Sovereign under the Lord Chamberlain's general administrative direction. It shall not constitute a separate Ministry or Administration.
(d) The Emperor's Secretary and Private Secretary to the Sovereign may coordinate where official and personal matters intersect, but shall preserve their separate reporting relationships, confidentiality, records, and lawful financial authority.
Section 5: Legal and Financial Status
The Administration may manage only the personnel, property, records, accounts, and appropriations lawfully assigned to it. No creation of an Administration by this Chapter independently appropriates public money or transfers ownership of the Emperor's personal property. Personal expenditure shall remain distinct from public household administration.
Article 2: Concubines and Household Appointments
Section 1: Official Title
A Concubine is an adult who freely accepts an appointment by the reigning Monarch to a recognized personal position within the Imperial Household. The official title is "Concubine" and is open to adults of any sex or gender. An appointment may designate the reigning Monarch, the Monarch's lawful spouse, or one or more recognized adult members of the Imperial Family as household principals, individually or together. An appointment does not independently authorize sexual conduct contrary to the law governing age of consent.
Section 2: Appointment and Consent
The Emperor may issue an appointment through an authenticated written instrument identifying the holder, any named household principal, its commencement, any separately described non-intimate household duties, and any lawful remuneration or allowance. The Emperor's lawful spouse or another recognized adult member of the Imperial Family may nominate an adult for appointment, but the appointment is not valid without the Emperor's authorization and the free, informed written acceptance of the proposed holder. Each named principal shall separately accept the designation. Adding a principal later shall require the holder's fresh written agreement and an authenticated amendment.
No person may be forcibly recruited, confined, pressured through official authority, or subjected to loss of unrelated employment, housing, benefits, or civil rights for refusing or ending an appointment.
Section 3: Distinction from Marriage and State Office
Appointment as Concubine does not itself constitute a marriage, civil union, consort title, succession entitlement, membership of the Imperial Family, or a public governing office. Such status requires its own lawful instrument.
Section 4: End of Appointment
A Concubine may resign the appointment by notifying the Emperor or the Office of Household Appointments. The holder may also withdraw from a personal association with any one named principal without needing to end a separate voluntary association with another. A principal may withdraw from their own designation; the Emperor may terminate the formal appointment by written notice. Earned pay, lawful housing arrangements, personal property, and existing claims remain governed by ordinary law; resignation or refusal shall not justify punishment or confiscation.
Section 2: Distinct Household Relationships and Marriage
Title 2, Chapter 33 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 3 immediately after Article 2, to read:
Article 3: Concubines, Private Relations, and Marriage
Section 1: Distinct Legal Status
A Concubine appointment is a recognized Imperial Household status, not by itself an agreement for the purchase or sale of sexual services. A lawful household allowance, private gift, or remuneration for separately described non-intimate duties does not alone constitute commercial sex work. An independent commercial arrangement remains governed by its applicable general law.
Section 2: Personal Autonomy
A Concubine may freely enter, continue, or end separate voluntary personal relationships with the reigning Monarch, the Monarch's lawful spouse, or any recognized adult member of the Imperial Family specifically designated under Article 2, subject to Section 4 and the law governing sexual consent. Each person involved must independently consent to their own participation, including in any shared relationship or encounter, and may withdraw consent at any time. Consent by one principal shall never substitute for consent by another or by the Concubine. No appointment grants an automatic intimate entitlement, exclusivity, or right to transfer a person to another principal. No official or contract may require intimate acts as a duty or penalize refusal by withholding earned pay, housing rights, or property.
Section 3: An Existing Imperial Marriage
An appointment or voluntary personal relationship shall not be prohibited solely because the reigning Monarch, the Monarch's lawful spouse, or another participating Imperial Family member is married, provided the applicable requirements of Section 4 and the general law governing sexual consent are satisfied. No such appointment shall dissolve, displace, or automatically modify any marriage, the constitutional standing of an Imperial Consort, or a spouse's separate lawful rights.
The Imperial Household Administration shall advise restraint regarding appointments and personal relationships involving a married principal, recognizing marital trust, existing family obligations, privacy, and the dignity of all persons concerned. The advice shall apply whether the married participant is the Emperor, the Emperor's spouse, or another eligible Imperial Family member. This advice has no binding effect.
Section 4: Imperial Authorization for Relations with the Monarch's Spouse
A Concubine or any other person shall not engage in sexual conduct with the reigning Monarch's lawful spouse without the reigning Monarch's express prior authorization, given orally or in writing. An appointment as Concubine, designation of the spouse as a household principal, or the spouse's own consent shall not alone constitute that authorization.
Authorization may concern a specified encounter or a continuing relationship and may be withdrawn prospectively. A person who knows that authorization has not been granted or has been withdrawn is subject to Title 7, Chapter 7, Article 2, Section 2, paragraph (g).
No authorization shall substitute for the independent consent of every participant, remove the right to withdraw that consent, or permit conduct contrary to the law governing age of consent.
This Section applies equally whether the reigning Monarch is an Emperor or Empress and regardless of the sex or gender of the lawful spouse or other person.
Section 3: Financial Arrangements and Remuneration
Title 2, Chapter 33 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 4 immediately after Article 3, to read:
Article 4: Household Funds, Personal Allowances, and Employment
Section 1: Distinct Sources of Payment
An instrument of appointment may provide personal allowances, housing, gifts, expense reimbursements, or remuneration for stated non-intimate household duties. It shall identify the principal responsible for any voluntary personal allowance and distinguish personal arrangements from authorized public household employment. The Administration shall distinguish:
(a) the lawful personal funds of the Emperor, the Emperor's spouse, or a designated Imperial Family principal for whom the appointment is held, and the Sovereign's Fund solely to the extent otherwise lawfully available for the Emperor's personal expenses, used for voluntary allowances and private gifts;
(b) public funds lawfully appropriated for actual administrative, ceremonial, domestic, or other non-intimate household work; and
(c) reimbursement of documented expenses incurred on authorized official business.
An appointment does not create an automatic public salary or appropriation, and public payroll shall not be used to purchase private intimacy. A personal allowance shall not be calculated by the provision of sexual acts.
Section 2: Lawful Work and Compensation
Where a Concubine separately undertakes paid household work, the written terms shall describe the actual duties, ordinary pay, hours or basis of payment, and responsible employer. Applicable minimum wages, working conditions, labor rights, and safeguards shall remain effective. A personal relationship alone does not constitute public employment.
Section 3: Public Accounting
The Administration shall maintain records of authorized household expenditure, official wages, contracts, and reimbursements in the form ordinarily required by financial law. Private transfers shall not be misrepresented as government payroll.
Section 4: Confidentiality, Oversight, and Complaints
Title 2, Chapter 33 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 5 immediately after Article 4, to read:
Article 5: Safeguards for Household Appointments
Section 1: Records
The Office of Household Appointments shall preserve the written appointment, the holder's acceptance, the separate acknowledgement of each designated adult principal, later changes in designated principals, any lawful employment terms, relevant public payments, and notice of resignation or termination. Only necessary personal information shall be collected, subject to lawful access and retention safeguards.
Section 2: Privacy
No public register of Concubines is required. Aggregate reporting of authorized public expenditure shall not disclose personal information unnecessarily. Officers shall not threaten disclosure or withhold identity documents to control a holder.
Section 3: Independent Assistance
A holder may seek legal assistance and report coercion, unfair treatment, unpaid earnings, or property interference without permission from household management. The State Labor Protection Administration retains jurisdiction over actual paid household work.
Section 4: Administrative Directions
The Lord Chamberlain may issue lawful internal directions on staffing, premises, appointment records, and household expenditure.
Section 1: Relationship to the Equality and Freedom-of-Expression Provisions
This Chapter protects the reigning Monarch, lawful Imperial succession, sovereign authority, and security of Imperial institutions. It establishes precisely defined treason offenses and offenses against Imperial authority without adding Imperial office or family membership to the protected grounds in Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 2.
Members of the Imperial Family retain the ordinary legal protections available to every person. Treason protects Imperial sovereignty and national security; the separate offenses against Imperial authority address threats, fraud, coercion, intimidation, and obstruction specified in this Chapter.
Section 2: Treason, High Treason, and Constitutional First Degree Treason
Title 7, Chapter 7, Article 2 of the Civil Code is amended to read:
Article 2: Treason
Section 1: Elements of Treason
A person commits treason where, owing allegiance to the Totemian Empire, the person intentionally:
(a) levies organized armed war against the reigning Monarch or Imperial Government;
(b) knowingly adheres to an enemy power during war or armed conflict and provides substantial military, intelligence, logistical, financial, or operational aid;
(c) knowingly assists a foreign state, foreign armed force, hostile intelligence service, or foreign-controlled operation with the purpose of overthrowing, violently coercing, territorially dismembering, or materially disabling the Totemian State;
(d) organizes or directs an armed seizure of Imperial constitutional authority; or
(e) intentionally participates in the assassination or attempted assassination of the reigning Monarch for the purpose of overthrowing, coercing, or disabling the Government.
Section 2: Conduct Not Constituting Treason
Private misconduct involving the Imperial Family, ordinary theft, ordinary property damage, destruction of an ordinary symbol, criticism, advocacy of lawful constitutional change, peaceful separatist advocacy, or another offense lacking the elements above does not constitute treason.
Section 3: Punishment and Required Findings
Treason may be punished by life imprisonment, exile, death where lawfully authorized, a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL, forfeiture authorized by law, permanent removal and disqualification from public or military office, and loss of connected privileges. The court shall identify the treasonous act and required purpose on the record.
Article 2: Treason and High Treason
Section 1: Allegiance and General Elements
Treason is an intentional betrayal of a duty of allegiance to the Totemian Empire through an act or mental state expressly specified in this Article. Allegiance is owed by a citizen, a serving civil or military officer, or another person subject to an express lawful oath or obligation of fidelity to the Empire. A foreign person does not owe allegiance solely by being present in, dealing with, or opposing the Empire, but remains subject to otherwise applicable criminal law.
The Government shall prove the person's allegiance, the prohibited act, the required purpose or knowledge, and every additional circumstance specified for that act beyond a reasonable doubt. Where this Article requires a substantial overt act, an unacted thought, wish, abstract plan, discussion, or mere association is insufficient.
Section 2: High Treason and First Degree Treason
High Treason, also called First Degree Treason for purposes of Article 11, Section 3 of the Constitution, is committed where a person owing allegiance intentionally:
(a) levies, organizes, commands, or materially directs armed war against the Emperor, the Imperial Government, or the lawful constitutional order for the purpose of overthrowing or unlawfully seizing sovereign authority;
(b) organizes, commands, or materially directs an armed coup or violent seizure of an Imperial organ exercising sovereign authority;
(c) intentionally kills, attempts to kill, or materially participates in an actual scheme to kill the reigning Emperor, the lawfully designated Heir to the Throne, or another person in the lawful line of succession, with the specific purpose of overthrowing or coercing the Imperial Government or unlawfully changing the succession, and takes a substantial overt act to carry out that purpose;
(d) knowingly gives substantial military, intelligence, logistical, financial, or operational assistance to an enemy power or foreign-directed armed operation for the purpose of accomplishing an act described in paragraph (a), (b), or (c); or
(e) while exercising governing authority on behalf of a Kingdom or Governorate, knowingly authorizes, proclaims, or gives operative effect to a purported unilateral independence or withdrawal of that government's territory or governing institutions from Imperial sovereignty without first genuinely consulting the Emperor concerning the proposed separation and possible compromises, as required by Article 11, Section 3 of the Constitution;
(f) intentionally compasses, imagines, contemplates, or wishes for the death of the reigning Monarch, the Monarch's lawful spouse, the Monarch's eldest child, or the lawfully designated Heir, whether or not the person communicates that thought, forms a plan, takes a preparatory act, or attempts to bring about the death; or
(g) knowingly engages in sexual conduct with the reigning Monarch's lawful spouse, knowing the spouse's status and knowing that the reigning Monarch did not give express prior oral or written authorization, or that such authorization had been withdrawn.
For paragraph (e), an official resolution, proclamation, order, transfer of asserted sovereign powers, or comparable official act intended to effect unilateral separation is required. A request for consultation, public discussion, advocacy, lawful petition, or proposal presented for constitutional consideration does not alone constitute such an act. Where consultation has occurred, this paragraph does not independently confer a right to secede or impair the Emperor's constitutional authority.
The terms High Treason and First Degree Treason are equivalent classifications under this Article. The constitutional rule concerning a Kingdom or Governorate's unilateral independence remains applicable, subject to the elements and protections stated in this Article and any superior constitutional requirement.
Section 3: Treason Other Than High Treason
A person owing allegiance commits treason, without committing High Treason unless Section 2 is also proved, where the person intentionally:
(a) during war or armed conflict knowingly adheres to an enemy power and provides substantial military, intelligence, logistical, financial, or operational aid;
(b) knowingly assists a foreign state, hostile intelligence service, armed force, or foreign-directed operation with the specific purpose of violently coercing, territorially dismembering, or materially disabling the Imperial State;
(c) obtains, supplies, or discloses protected military, intelligence, or operational information to an enemy power, hostile intelligence service, foreign-directed armed operation, or agent thereof, with the purpose of facilitating hostile action, jeopardizing an Imperial military or security operation, or materially impairing the Empire's defense;
(d) knowingly delivers nonpublic locations, coordinates, access credentials, defense vulnerabilities, deployments, troop movements, mobilization orders, plans, targets, intelligence sources, logistics routes, operational timings, or comparable protected information concerning an Imperial residence, protected settlement, military installation, government base, defense position, armed force, convoy, or planned or ongoing military or security operation to a hostile power or agent, intending to assist hostile action or knowing that disclosure will materially assist the enemy or jeopardize the conduct or outcome of an Imperial operation;
(e) intentionally commits, directs, or materially assists a grave violent offense against the Emperor, the Emperor's lawful spouse or Imperial Consort, the eldest child of the Emperor, the designated Heir, or the Heir's spouse, with the specific purpose of coercing Imperial sovereign authority, fraudulently altering lawful succession, or materially disabling Imperial government; or
(f) organizes or materially assists military mutiny, desertion, or armed insurgency specifically to facilitate enemy operations or the unlawful seizure of Imperial sovereign authority.
Where the conduct also satisfies Section 2, it shall be classified and sentenced as High Treason, not separately punished as ordinary treason for the same conduct and harm. A violent or sexual offense against an Imperial Family member does not become treason merely because of that person's family relationship, except where the independent elements of Section 2, paragraph (g), or the sovereign-directed purpose under this Section are proved.
Section 4: Planning, Attempt, and Assistance
Attempt, conspiracy, solicitation, preparation, and assistance are governed by Title 7, Chapter 1 unless this Article expressly defines completed treasonous conduct. Material assistance requires knowing participation in the prohibited objective and a substantial connection to its execution. Ordinary association or routine services without the required knowledge or purpose shall not establish treason.
For Section 2, paragraph (c), a substantial overt act must move materially beyond wish, fantasy, or mere preparation toward the planned killing. The criminal-attempt provisions of Title 7, Chapter 1 apply to a separate attempt charge as appropriate, subject to the rule against duplicate punishment.
Section 5: Conduct Not Constituting Treason
Expression, petition, or political activity shall not constitute treason unless the specific prohibited act or mental state and all other elements required by Section 2 or 3 are established.
Private relationships, ordinary misconduct, and offenses unrelated to Imperial sovereignty shall be charged under their applicable provisions unless the elements of Section 2, paragraph (g), or another expressly defined treason offense are established.
Communications and publications may be evidence of planning, direction, recruitment, or operational assistance when connected to prohibited treasonous conduct; their viewpoint alone does not establish the offense.
Section 6: Definitions
An enemy power is a foreign state, armed organization, or hostile command engaged in actual armed conflict with the Empire, or a foreign-directed armed operation against it. Nationality, residence, criticism of the Empire, or a foreign political affiliation alone does not establish enemy status.
Protected operational information includes nonpublic coordinates, bases, entrances, routes, communications, positions, force strengths, deployment and battle plans, intelligence sources, vulnerabilities, supply arrangements, targeting information, and the timing or location of planned or active military or security operations. Such information is protected where lawfully restricted or where its nonpublic character and material security significance are apparent from the circumstances; publication of an already lawfully released fact does not by itself constitute treason.
For this Article, the reigning Emperor includes the lawful reigning Monarch regardless of title or sex. A recognized successor or heir is one established by the Constitution or a lawful Imperial designation. A constitutional reference to a Kingdom or Governorate shall not be construed to impose individual criminal guilt upon every resident, voter, officer, or member of that constituent government.
Section 7: Punishment According to Degree
High Treason under Section 2, paragraphs (a) through (d), (f), and (g), is punishable by imprisonment for a term of 15 years to life, a fine not exceeding 5,000,000 SL, permanent removal and disqualification from public or military office, forfeiture and confiscation as provided below, and exile for a fixed term or permanently where approved by the Emperor. Where the offense involves intentional killing, an attempted assassination, grave lethal violence, or knowing assistance to hostile forces causing substantial loss of life or catastrophic military defeat, the court may impose the death penalty where constitutionally authorized and subject to the required Imperial assent.
High Treason under Section 2, paragraph (e), standing alone and without the violent or enemy-assisted elements of paragraphs (a) through (d), is punishable by imprisonment for a term of 10 to 40 years, a fine not exceeding 2,000,000 SL, removal from office, permanent disqualification from the offices through which the offense was committed, and confiscation or exile where lawfully imposed. Death shall not be imposed solely on the nonviolent act described in paragraph (e).
Treason under Section 3, without the additional elements of High Treason, is punishable by imprisonment for a term of 5 to 30 years, a fine not exceeding 2,000,000 SL, confiscation or forfeiture as provided below, and permanent disqualification from public or military office. Where the offense is committed during war or active hostilities and knowingly causes the loss of a major military operation, the capture or destruction of Imperial forces or a vital defense installation, or substantial casualties, imprisonment for 10 years to life may be imposed. Distinct offenses may retain their separately authorized penalties, but the same conduct and injury shall not be punished twice.
Following conviction, the court may order restitution and confiscation of instruments, proceeds, accounts, weapons, equipment, property, and other assets used, supplied, intended for use, or obtained in the treasonous act. For High Treason the court may additionally confiscate the convicted person's other assets, including the entirety of nonessential property, upon specific findings concerning culpability and harm, without confiscating property lawfully owned by an innocent third party. Investigative seizures require lawful authority and compliance with constitutional warrant protections. Execution, exile, and long imprisonment shall comply with the Constitution's requirements for Imperial assent. The court shall record the acts, classification, aggravating findings, penalties, and property interests affected.
Section 8: Proof, Classification, and Nonduplication
A charge shall identify the particular paragraph of Section 2 or 3, the acts alleged, the required intent, and the basis of any claim to High Treason. The court shall record the proved elements and the precise classification. The same offense shall not be simultaneously sentenced as High Treason and ordinary treason.
The distinct constitutional procedures governing impeachment remain in force. An impeachment finding does not of itself establish a criminal conviction, and a criminal conviction does not dispense with a constitutionally required impeachment procedure.
Section 9: Correctional Reeducation and Administration
Upon conviction of High Treason, the sentencing court shall order correctional reeducation during imprisonment in accordance with Title 2, Chapter 28, Article 12 of the Civil Code, unless execution, genuine incapacity, or another lawful circumstance renders participation impossible. The order shall specify a program lasting 6 to 24 months, with scheduled instruction of 2 to 8 hours per week while the offender remains in lawful custody.
For other treason convictions, the court may order a program lasting 3 to 12 months within the offender's existing custodial sentence. The court may also order such a program for an offense under Article 21 where imprisonment is imposed and the circumstances warrant correctional education. Instruction may concern Vasili Thought, Totemian history and identity, the Imperial system, lawful conduct, ethics, duties of public allegiance, the consequences of the offense, and preparation for lawful reintegration.
The General Directorate shall supervise educational content and assessment only. The competent Civil Corrections Administration or Military Corrections Service shall retain custody, discipline, movement, and release authority. The program shall not independently authorize detention, extend imprisonment, replace a court's sentence, or permit an educational authority to impose a separate criminal penalty. Any required Imperial assent to the sentence shall remain applicable.
Section 3: Military Desertion and Mutiny
Title 7, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 20 immediately after Article 19, Public Compensation Abuse, and before Chapter 8, to read:
Article 20: Military Desertion and Mutiny
Section 1: Desertion
A serving member of the Armed Forces or another lawfully commissioned military command commits desertion by intentionally abandoning an assigned post, unit, or active military service obligation without lawful authority and with the purpose of evading military service or a specific lawful military operation.
Section 2: Mutiny
A serving member commits mutiny by knowingly organizing, leading, or materially participating in a concerted refusal of lawful military command involving force, a credible threat of force, seizure of command facilities, or unlawful displacement of a commanding officer, with the purpose of materially disabling lawful military authority.
Section 3: Ordinary Penalties
Desertion or mutiny under Section 1 or 2 is punishable by a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL, imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years, military discharge, and disqualification from military service or command for a definite term. A person who organizes or commands an armed mutiny involving seizure of a command facility may be sentenced to imprisonment for up to 15 years.
Section 4: Aggravated Penalties
Where desertion or mutiny occurs during active war or combat, knowingly abandons forces under attack, exposes a defense position to enemy capture, or causes a major military operational failure, but the distinct elements of treason are not proved, imprisonment for a term of 5 to 25 years, a fine not exceeding 1,000,000 SL, and permanent military disqualification may be imposed. Where treason is independently proved, Article 2 shall govern without duplicate punishment for the same conduct and injury.
Section 5: Protected Military Conduct and Separate Crimes
Authorized leave, lawful discharge, genuine incapacity, refusal of a manifestly unlawful order, and good-faith reporting or petition without prohibited intent do not constitute desertion or mutiny. Military rank, disobedience, or departure alone does not establish treason. Treason requires separate proof under Article 2. A person shall not receive duplicate punishment for the same conduct and harm.
Section 4: Offenses Against Imperial Authority
Title 7, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 21 immediately after Article 20, to read:
Article 21: Offenses Against Imperial Authority
Section 1: Nature and Purpose of the Offense
An offense against Imperial authority is an act expressly prohibited by this Article against the lawful dignity, security, or authority of the reigning Monarch. Hostility toward the Monarch's Imperial office or an Imperial Family member's official or succession status may establish a required motive where specifically stated in this Article, but is not by itself an independent offense, a new protected ground under Title 1, Chapter 7, or a presumption of unlawful intent.
Section 2: Prohibited Conduct
A person commits an offense against Imperial authority where that person knowingly and intentionally:
(a) communicates a credible threat of serious violence, kidnapping, or unlawful confinement against the reigning Emperor, the Emperor's lawful spouse or Imperial Consort, or the designated Heir with the purpose of coercing Imperial official action or lawful succession, where the further elements of treason are not proved;
(b) by force, a credible threat of force, or fraudulent assertion of sovereign power materially obstructs a lawful Imperial audience, accession, succession ceremony, or official exercise of the Emperor's constitutional authority;
(c) falsely impersonates the reigning Emperor or knowingly issues or deploys a counterfeit Imperial Order or purported sovereign instruction, with the purpose of obtaining obedience, property, access to protected premises, or the unlawful exercise of governmental authority;
(d) organizes or personally carries out a coordinated course of stalking, serious intimidation, or targeted threats against a person specified in paragraph (a) because of that person's Imperial office or succession status, intending to cause serious fear for personal safety and thereby causing such fear reasonably in the circumstances; or
(e) unlawfully takes, destroys, or falsifies the official Imperial Standard, Great Seal, or a sovereign instrument for the specific purpose of obstructing accession, usurping official authority, or preventing the lawful exercise of a constitutional power.
Each paragraph requires proof of the particular prohibited conduct and intent; a belief that someone has insulted the Emperor or Imperial Family is insufficient.
Section 3: Penalties
An offense under Section 2 is punishable by imprisonment for a term of 2 to 10 years, a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL, and confiscation of counterfeit sovereign instruments, weapons, or property used in the offense, where lawfully ordered.
Where the offender uses a weapon, organizes several participants to intimidate or obstruct, employs serious violence or unlawful confinement, or knowingly breaches a protective court order in committing the offense, imprisonment for 5 to 25 years and a fine not exceeding 1,000,000 SL may instead be imposed. A single aggravating circumstance shall not be counted twice.
The court may also impose a prohibition on approaching protected Imperial premises or persons, a definite-term ban on holding public office, restitution for harm, and other lawful connected remedies. Exile or additional imprisonment requiring Imperial assent remains subject to the Constitution.
Section 4: Protected Expression and Private Relations
Expression or a consensual private relationship alone does not establish an offense under this Article without the prohibited threat, fraud, coercion, intimidation, or obstruction required by Section 2.
Existing rules concerning political propaganda, defamation, harassment, impersonation, and other defined offenses continue to apply according to their own elements. This Article does not create an offense based solely on disrespect.
Section 5: Relationship to Treason and Other Offenses
Where conduct satisfies the distinct elements of treason, murder, rape, assault, stalking, forgery, obstruction, or another offense, the appropriate provision may be charged. A court shall not impose duplicate punishment for the same conduct and legal injury. Offenses against a private individual do not become offenses against Imperial authority solely because the person is related to the reigning Monarch; the connection to Imperial office, succession, or sovereign authority specified in Section 2 must be established.
Section 5: Protected Coordinates and State Locations
Title 7, Chapter 7, Article 6 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Section 4 immediately after Section 3, to read:
Section 4: Protected Defense Locations and Operational Information
For the purposes of this Article, protected state information includes nonpublic coordinates, locations, routes, entrances, access credentials, defensive positions, troop or fleet movements, deployment schedules, unit strengths, weapons systems, supply routes, intelligence sources, communications vulnerabilities, operational orders, battle plans, targets, and the timing and location of planned, active, or sensitive recently completed military, intelligence, or security operations. This includes information relating to a protected Imperial residence, settlement, military installation, government base, convoy, armed force, defense position, or other security-sensitive facility or operation. Protection applies where information is lawfully restricted or where its nonpublic character and material significance to the safety, execution, success, or outcome of an operation, battle, campaign, or war are apparent. Actual battlefield defeat or civilian use of a location is not required.
Intentional disclosure or transfer to an unauthorized recipient is punishable under Article 6, Section 1, when the person knows the protected character of the information and that the disclosure creates a substantial risk of serious harm to national defense, intelligence or military operations, protected personnel, or the likely outcome of an operation or war. When the further allegiance, hostile-recipient, and purpose or knowing-enemy-assistance elements of Article 2, Section 3, paragraph (c) or (d), are established, the same disclosure may constitute treason. Separate punishment shall not be imposed twice for the same conduct and injury. Information already lawfully and officially released to the public does not become restricted merely because it concerns a base or Imperial residence.
END OF BILL
","publicPath":"/parliament/bills/32","contentPath":"/parliament/bills/32/contents","contentTextPath":"/api/public/parliament/bills/32/text","analysisPath":"/parliament/bills/32/analysis","analysisApiPath":"/api/public/parliament/bills/32/analysis","bodyPlainText":"Revised Discrimination Act of 2026\nIntroduced By: Nuxart (The Birthday Party)\nDate: October 31st, 2026\nBe it enacted by the Parliament of the Totemian Empire, duly assembled, with the assent of the Emperor, as follows:\nPurpose and Scope\nAn Act to amend the Civil Code of the Totemian Empire concerning equality, civil liberties, public-service accessibility, bodily autonomy, family and institutional safeguards, homelessness, lawful sex work, designated nudity zones, Imperial protection, treason, military desertion and mutiny, and protected state information; to establish related offenses, judicial remedies, and organizational enforcement powers; to provide for Imperial Household administration and Concubine appointments; and for connected purposes.\nChapter 1 - Equality and Protection Against Discrimination\nSection 1: General Discrimination Protections\nTitle 1 of the Civil Code of the Totemian Empire is amended by inserting Chapter 7 immediately after Chapter 6, Imperial Honours and Orders of Chivalry, and before Title 2, to read:\nChapter 7 - Equality and Protection Against Discrimination\nArticle 1: Purpose and Application\nSection 1: Equal Protection\nEvery person is entitled to the protections of this Chapter against discrimination on a ground listed in Article 2.\nThis Chapter addresses historical persecution and exclusion affecting racial, ethnic, and religious minorities, persons with disabilities, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex people. It secures equal participation and effective remedies for every person.\nSection 2: Persons Bound\nThis Chapter binds national, subnational, and local public authorities, persons exercising public functions, and private persons and organizations carrying out an activity covered by Section 3.\nSection 3: Covered Activities\nThe protections apply to:\n(a) recruitment, employment, pay, working conditions, training, promotion, dismissal, self-employment, and access to a profession;\n(b) education, admission, assessment, and access to educational facilities;\n(c) the offering, letting, sale, occupation, and management of housing and other premises offered to the public;\n(d) goods, services, facilities, transport, healthcare, financial services, and social benefits offered to the public, including through digital systems; and\n(e) public administration and access to professional, commercial, and civic organizations, subject to Article 6.\nOrdinary private choices of personal friends or intimate partners are outside this Chapter.\nArticle 2: Protected Grounds and Their Meaning\nSection 1: Protected Grounds\nThe protected grounds are:\n(a) age;\n(b) race or colour;\n(c) ethnic or national origin;\n(d) religion, religious belief, or absence of religion or religious belief;\n(e) disability;\n(f) sex, including pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and intersex variations;\n(g) sexual orientation;\n(h) gender identity or expression; and\n(i) housing status, including actual, former, or perceived homelessness or housing insecurity.\nSection 2: Actual and Perceived Characteristics and Association\nProtection applies to an actual or perceived characteristic, whether present or past. It also applies where a person is treated adversely because of their relationship with, support for, or association with a person having a protected characteristic.\nA protected ground need not be the sole or dominant reason for direct discrimination, but shall be a material reason for the treatment. A claim may concern more than 1 protected ground.\nSection 3: Meaning of Disability\nDisability includes a physical, sensory, intellectual, cognitive, mental, or neurodevelopmental impairment which, alone or in interaction with barriers, materially limits equal participation. An impairment may be visible or nonvisible, continuous or episodic. A previous or perceived disability is protected under Section 2.\nSection 4: Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity\nSexual orientation includes attraction to persons of the same sex, a different sex or gender, or more than 1 sex or gender, and asexuality.\nProtection for gender identity or expression includes transgender and nonbinary people, whether or not they propose, begin, or complete a social or medical transition. Medical treatment or legal recognition is not required.\nArticle 3: Direct and Indirect Discrimination\nSection 1: Direct Discrimination\nA person shall not directly or indirectly discriminate against another person in a covered activity. Direct discrimination occurs where a person is treated less favourably than another person is, has been, or would be treated in comparable circumstances because of a protected ground. An actual comparator is not required.\nSection 2: Indirect Discrimination\nIndirect discrimination occurs where an apparently neutral rule, condition, or practice places persons sharing a protected ground, including the affected person, at a particular disadvantage compared with others.\nThe person responsible may justify that rule, condition, or practice only by proving that it serves a legitimate purpose and is necessary and proportionate to that purpose, taking account of reasonably available alternatives that would cause less disadvantage.\nPrejudice or discriminatory preferences of customers, colleagues, or other persons do not constitute a legitimate purpose.\nSection 3: Instructions and Assistance\nA person shall not direct, induce, or knowingly provide substantial assistance for discrimination prohibited by this Chapter.\nArticle 4: Harassment and Retaliation\nSection 1: Discriminatory Harassment\nDiscriminatory and sexual harassment in a covered activity are prohibited. Discriminatory harassment is unwanted conduct related to a protected ground which, through its severity or repetition, materially impairs a person’s equal participation in a covered activity or creates an intimidating, degrading, or hostile environment in that activity.\nThe court shall consider the conduct’s context, gravity, frequency, effect, and any relationship of authority or dependence. A single sufficiently serious incident may constitute harassment. Mere disagreement, criticism, or expression of a belief is insufficient by itself.\nSection 2: Sexual Harassment\nUnwanted conduct of a sexual nature is harassment where it meets the test in Section 1. Conditioning a substantial employment, educational, housing, service, or official benefit on submission to sexual conduct is also prohibited.\nSection 3: Retaliation\nA person shall not threaten, dismiss, disadvantage, or otherwise punish another person for making or supporting a discrimination complaint, requesting accommodation, giving evidence, or seeking a remedy under this Chapter.\nProtection does not depend on the complaint succeeding. Knowingly fabricated evidence or allegations are not protected; mistake, insufficient evidence, or an unsuccessful complaint does not by itself establish fabrication.\nArticle 5: Reasonable Disability Accommodation\nSection 1: Duty to Accommodate\nA person responsible for a covered activity shall make necessary and reasonable adjustments to remove a disability-related barrier to equal participation where the need is known or reasonably apparent. The affected person shall not be charged for the adjustment.\nThe responsible person shall consult the affected person and provide an effective adjustment. An equally effective alternative may be provided.\nSection 2: Disproportionate Burden\nAn adjustment may be refused only to the extent that the responsible person proves it would impose a disproportionate burden, having regard to its effectiveness, cost, available resources and assistance, and any substantial safety or operational effect. Assumptions about disability or a preference to avoid inconvenience are insufficient.\nBefore refusing, the responsible person shall consider effective alternatives and, on request, provide the reasons in an accessible form. An unjustified failure to accommodate is discrimination under this Chapter.\nArticle 6: Lawful Differences and Religious Autonomy\nSection 1: Express Legal Requirements\nA specific age limit or other qualification expressly required by law remains applicable. A preference based on a protected ground does not become lawful merely because the person applying it describes it as a qualification.\nSection 2: Genuine Occupational Requirements\nA distinction concerning employment is permitted only where the person applying it proves that the characteristic is essential to the actual duties, the purpose is legitimate, and the requirement is necessary and proportionate. Reasonable disability accommodation shall be considered before excluding a person.\nSection 3: Religious Functions\nA religious organization retains authority over its doctrine, worship, rites, religious membership, and the selection and appointment of clergy or other persons performing genuinely religious functions. Religious instruction and clergy training are religious functions.\nA faith or doctrinal qualification shall be genuinely connected to the religious function concerned. Describing an ordinary position or activity as religious does not alone establish an exemption; its actual duties and purpose govern.\nSection 4: Ordinary Employment and Public Services\nSection 3 does not exempt ordinary employment, commercial activity, or goods and services offered to the public, including healthcare, housing, transport, and general education. Those activities remain subject to the discrimination and accommodation duties of this Chapter.\nSection 5: Measures Addressing Disadvantage\nA necessary and proportionate measure designed to prevent or remedy demonstrated disadvantage connected to a protected ground is permitted. Its purpose, beneficiaries, and continued necessity shall be capable of justification.\nSection 6: State Religion\nThe State Religion is exempt from this Chapter insofar as necessary for doctrine, worship, rites, internal religious government, membership, selection of clergy, religious formation, and religious or ceremonial functions lawfully assigned to it. Its clergy and persons acting in those functions are not required to apply secular staff neutrality to religious teaching, observance, or representation.\nLawful recognition, support, chaplaincy, and ceremonial participation of the State Religion do not alone constitute discrimination. The exemption does not extend to ordinary healthcare, general education, commercial services, or unrelated administrative employment, and does not authorize violence, coercive abuse, or another criminal offense.\nArticle 7: Civil Proceedings and Remedies\nSection 1: Right of Action\nA person affected by a contravention may bring a civil claim before a court of competent jurisdiction. An authorized representative may assist or act for that person according to the applicable rules of procedure.\nSection 2: Proof\nThe claimant shall establish, on the balance of probabilities, facts which, if unexplained, support a finding of a contravention. The respondent shall then prove that the conduct did not contravene this Chapter or fell within an applicable exception.\nHostility or an intention to discriminate need not be proved for civil liability where the other elements are established.\nSection 3: Available Remedies\nThe court may grant the following remedies:\n(a) a declaration of a contravention;\n(b) an order restraining its continuation or repetition;\n(c) lawful reconsideration of a decision;\n(d) restoration of access or reasonable accommodation; and\n(e) compensation for proved financial loss and injury to dignity or emotional distress caused by the contravention.\nThe court shall identify the conduct requiring correction and give reasons for the remedy. Amounts recovered for the same loss shall be credited against any other recovery for that loss.\nSection 4: Responsibility of Organizations\nAn organization is responsible for discriminatory decisions and conduct of its officers or agents acting within their actual or apparent functions. For harassment by other staff or participants, responsibility arises where the organization knew or ought reasonably to have known of the conduct and failed to take reasonable steps to prevent or stop it.\nPersonal liability requires the individual’s own participation in a contravention. Holding an office or supervisory title does not alone establish personal liability.\nArticle 8: Dignity and Equal Treatment in Healthcare and Education\nSection 1: Duty and Application\nHealthcare and education providers, and their officers, employees, contractors, trainees, and volunteers, shall treat patients, pupils, and students with dignity and respect. This duty applies to public and private hospitals, clinics, community and remote care, schools, universities, and other educational or training services, including admission, registration, and related professional conduct.\nSection 2: Socioeconomic Background\nWithin healthcare and education, Articles 3 and 4 also protect socioeconomic background. This means actual or perceived social class, personal or family income or wealth, occupation, employment status, educational background, housing circumstances, or the social or economic reputation of the area where a person lives or grew up. Protection covers affluent and disadvantaged backgrounds and applies to association as provided in Article 2, Section 2.\nSection 3: Mockery and Humiliating Treatment\nStaff shall not mock, laugh at, contemptuously imitate, use degrading labels for, or make humiliating or inappropriately personal comments about a patient, pupil, or student. This includes conduct based on a ground listed in Article 2, socioeconomic background, a health condition, or learning needs.\nA breach occurs where the conduct, assessed reasonably in its context, demeans the person or subjects them to ridicule or shame. The assessment shall take account of age, vulnerability, dependence, and the professional relationship. A single incident may breach this duty without meeting the severity or repetition test in Article 4. The duty applies whether or not the person is present, including in staff conversations, messages, and online posts connected with the professional relationship.\nSection 4: Care and Educational Decisions\nA person shall not receive inferior care, unfair assessment, exclusion, or other disadvantage because of socioeconomic background. Decisions shall rest on relevant clinical needs, individual learning needs, fair academic criteria, or another lawful and objectively justified basis. Assumptions about a person’s background or social worth are not a justification.\nClinically necessary questions and discussion, candid educational feedback, proportionate discipline, and ordinary friendly interaction do not alone breach this Article when conducted respectfully. Lawful assistance addressing financial or educational disadvantage remains permitted.\nSection 5: Provider Responsibilities and Complaints\nProviders shall take reasonable steps to prevent and stop prohibited treatment by staff and bullying by other patients, students, or visitors where the provider knows or ought reasonably to know of it. Providers shall maintain an accessible complaints process, investigate promptly and impartially, preserve relevant records, protect confidentiality, and give a reasoned response. A person shall not be required to complain to the staff member concerned.\nComplaints, evidence, and assistance under this Article are protected by Article 4, Section 3. Care, educational opportunity, marks, or access shall not be worsened in retaliation. An internal complaint is not a prerequisite to proceedings under Article 7.\nSection 6: Enforcement\nArticle 7 applies to a breach. The court may also order proportionate staff training, correction of an assessment or service decision, and improvements to complaints or safeguarding procedures. Staff discipline shall follow the safeguards in Title 2, Chapter 4, Article 15, Section 7.\nArticle 9: Accessibility of Public Digital Systems\nSection 1: Application and Responsibility\nEvery national, subnational, and local public authority, state organ, and person providing a digital service on behalf of such an authority shall comply with this Article. It applies to public and staff-facing websites, portals, electronic forms, mobile applications, and other digital interfaces used to perform public functions, including banking, education, healthcare, identification, parliamentary business, elections, referendums, and recalls.\nThe authority responsible for the function remains responsible for compliance whether the system is developed internally, purchased, commissioned, hosted, or supplied through an external platform. The use of an external provider does not create an exemption. This Article does not extend the technical standard to an unrelated private activity solely because that activity is otherwise covered by this Chapter.\nSection 2: Mandatory Technical Standard\nCovered web content shall conform to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1, W3C Recommendation of 6 May 2025, at Level AA, including all Level A and Level AA success criteria and all conformance requirements. The adopted text is available at https://www.w3.org/TR/2025/REC-WCAG21-20250506/.\nConformance shall extend to complete pages and complete processes, including registration, authentication, verification, navigation, data entry, error correction, review, submission, and confirmation. A compliant entry page or selected component does not establish conformance of the whole service.\nFor mobile applications, non-web software, and electronic documents, the responsible authority shall apply the Level A and AA success criteria to their corresponding content and functions, substituting the application, document, or interface for the web page where necessary. Platform accessibility features and interoperability with assistive technology shall be preserved. Compliance for non-web content shall be assessed against the criteria as applied under this paragraph.\nSection 3: Effective and Independent Access\nCompliance is a continuing design, development, procurement, and maintenance duty and does not depend on a person first disclosing a disability or requesting an adjustment. No additional charge shall be imposed for accessible access.\nConformance does not extinguish the reasonable accommodation duty in Article 5. An alternative provided while a defect is corrected shall afford effective access without avoidable delay or disadvantage and shall preserve applicable confidentiality, security, independence, and ballot secrecy. An alternative does not by itself establish technical conformance or permanently excuse correction.\nSection 4: Verification and Correction\nThe responsible authority shall verify compliance before first use and after a material change affecting accessibility. Verification shall combine appropriate automated checks with manual testing of keyboard operation, focus, screen-reader use, and complete service processes. An automated score, vendor declaration, or accessibility overlay alone is insufficient.\nThe authority shall retain internal records identifying the tested system version, scope, methods, findings, and corrective action. A discovered defect shall be corrected promptly, with priority given to barriers preventing access to essential services or the exercise of legal rights.\nSection 5: Procurement and Platform Choice\nSpecifications, commissioning instructions, and acceptance criteria for a covered system shall include this Article. The responsible authority shall obtain and assess evidence of compliance before acceptance or authorization for use. No particular vendor, programming language, framework, or visual design is required.\nElection platform choice remains with the National Electoral Administration under electoral law. Every digital voting arrangement remains subject to this Article and to the separate requirements governing eligibility, valid preferences, security, secrecy, verification, and counting.\nSection 6: Enforcement\nA failure to discharge a duty under this Article is a civil contravention enforceable under Article 7 without proof of hostility or an intention to discriminate. The court may order correction, effective interim access, and further verification, in addition to the remedies otherwise available under that Article. A technical defect alone does not constitute a criminal offense.\nSection 7: Implementation and Publication\nThe duties apply when this Article comes into force. Each responsible authority shall arrange implementation within its existing lawful functions. Internal instructions may explain testing and implementation but shall not waive, reduce, or replace the statutory standard.\nThis Article does not require publication of an accessibility statement, a public conformance claim, or a dedicated accessibility feedback or problem-reporting channel. Existing rights of action and remedies remain available.\nSection 8: Edition and Future Standards\nA later revision or replacement of WCAG shall not automatically alter the adopted legal requirements. Any change to the mandatory edition shall be made by an Act of Parliament or Imperial Order identifying the replacement standard, its scope, and its effective date.\nChapter 2 - Professional Standards in State Organs\nSection 1: Staff and Appointed Leadership\nTitle 2, Chapter 4 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 15 after Article 14, Doctrine of Operative Legal Terms, to read:\nArticle 15: Professional Standards in State Organs\nSection 1: Staff Covered\nStaff means civilian employees and administrative officers, Constables and other personnel of the National Gendarmerie and Police Administration, personnel of the Civil Corrections Administration, commissioned officers and other serving members of the Armed Forces, and contractors, trainees, and volunteers entrusted with functions of a national, subnational, or local state organ. It includes staff of ministries, administrations, legislative and judicial offices, public schools, hospitals, and other public institutions. Military personnel are covered as service personnel, whether or not described as civil servants, subject to lawful command and service procedures.\nSection 2: Official Capacity and Exclusions\nThese standards apply only when a person performs official duties, exercises or purports to exercise the authority of the position, represents the organ, or uses official channels, access, or resources to perform those functions. Workplace supervision and communication undertaken in the position are included. Holding a title, being publicly known, or mentioning employment does not alone make private conduct official.\nAn elected officeholder is exempt from this Article when acting in that elected capacity. A person who separately holds an appointed position or staff assignment remains covered when acting in that separate capacity.\nThe State Religion and persons exercising its genuinely religious or ceremonial functions have the exemptions in Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 6, Section 6.\nSection 3: Professional Duties\nIn the capacity defined in Section 2, staff shall:\n(a) act lawfully, honestly, impartially, competently, and with due care;\n(b) treat service users and colleagues with dignity, courtesy, and respect;\n(c) apply relevant eligibility and service criteria consistently, without favouritism, prejudice, or improper personal influence;\n(d) provide accurate and understandable information within their responsibilities, correct material errors, and explain avoidable delay;\n(e) protect confidential information and disclose a conflicting personal interest to the competent authority; and\n(f) refrain from humiliation, bullying, sexual harassment, intimidation, retaliation, and abuse of office or rank.\nMockery, degrading labels, contemptuous imitation, and humiliating personal comments are assessed reasonably in context, including remarks in official staff conversations when the person concerned is absent. A single incident may breach this duty. The protected grounds and socioeconomic-background protections in Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 2 and 8 apply to public employment and administration.\nSection 4: Appointed Leadership and Judicial Functions\nMinisters, Deputy Ministers, heads and deputy heads of administrations or other state organs, chiefs of staff, and commanders of the Armed Forces or the National Gendarmerie and Police are covered when acting in their appointed capacities. They may explain and defend policy, make political or public statements, engage in robust debate, and exercise lawful leadership and command. Forceful language or criticism does not alone establish misconduct. When administering services, deciding individual matters, directing personnel, or exercising coercive authority, they remain bound by the duties of lawful, fair, and respectful treatment.\nJudicial officers shall maintain impartiality and respectful treatment in judicial and administrative functions. They may control proceedings, restrain abusive conduct, protect participants, and make lawful directions and orders. Disagreement with a ruling is addressed through the applicable appeal or review process.\nSection 5: Legitimate Duties and Personal Expression\nRespectful refusal of an ineligible request, candid advice or assessment, proportionate discipline, and necessary enforcement or security measures do not alone breach this Article. Personal political or religious expression, private disagreement, professional advice, and good-faith reporting of wrongdoing are not misconduct under this Article unless the conduct falls within Section 2 and breaches a defined duty.\nSection 6: Complaints and Judicial Intervention\nEach organ shall provide an accessible complaint route outside the person complained against, investigate impartially without undue delay, preserve evidence, and give a reasoned response subject to lawful confidentiality. Managers shall take reasonable steps to prevent and stop known or reasonably apparent breaches. The protection against retaliation in Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 4, Section 3 applies.\nAn affected person may seek civil relief under Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 7 without first exhausting an internal complaint. A competent court may restrain ongoing misconduct, require a lawful reconsideration or corrective procedure, award compensation, or review a disciplinary decision. The court shall respect judicial independence and the removal procedures governing protected offices.\nSection 7: Fair Discipline and Review\nBefore a disciplinary sanction, the employing authority or provider shall give written particulars of the alleged conduct, the duty and proposed sanction, the supporting material, a reasonable opportunity to answer and present evidence, assistance by a representative, and a reasoned decision by an impartial person. Necessary confidentiality measures shall preserve a meaningful opportunity to respond. Reasonable disability accommodation shall be provided.\nThe employer shall prove misconduct on the balance of probabilities. Sanctions shall reflect seriousness, culpability, harm, relevant prior findings, comparable cases, working conditions, and prospects of correction. Disability-related needs, communication differences, and honest mistakes shall be considered.\nMeasures within lawful authority include:\n(a) counselling;\n(b) training;\n(c) a warning;\n(d) reassignment;\n(e) suspension not exceeding 14 days; or\n(f) dismissal for serious or repeated misconduct.\nThe authority shall explain why a lesser measure is inadequate when imposing a severe sanction. Earned pay shall not be confiscated; unpaid suspension requires separate lawful authority.\nInterim reassignment or leave shall rest on a recorded risk, be reviewed promptly, and not determine guilt. Leave remains paid unless another law expressly permits otherwise. Staff may seek review by an uninvolved superior or appointing authority and a competent court. Applicable protection against self-incrimination shall be respected.\nSection 8: Implementation and Legal Effect\nEach organ shall maintain a staff conduct policy, communicate complaint and review routes, and provide instruction appropriate to the functions performed. The statutory duties apply from commencement.\nAppointment, suspension, removal, military command, and judicial discipline shall be exercised only by the authority competent under the governing law.\nChapter 3 - Hate Crimes and Protected Characteristics\nSection 1: Hate-Crime Aggravation\nTitle 7, Chapter 2 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 12 after Article 11, Abuse of Public, Military, Judicial, Fiduciary, or Command Authority, to read:\nArticle 12: Hate Crimes and Protected Characteristics\nSection 1: Protected Characteristics\nFor this Article and Title 7, Chapter 9, Articles 10 and 11, the protected characteristics are:\n(a) age;\n(b) race or colour;\n(c) ethnic or national origin;\n(d) religion, religious belief, or absence of religion or religious belief;\n(e) disability;\n(f) sex, including pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and intersex variations;\n(g) sexual orientation;\n(h) gender identity or expression; and\n(i) housing status, including actual, former, or perceived homelessness or housing insecurity.\nThe meanings in Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 2 apply. Protection extends to an actual or perceived characteristic, whether present or past, and to association with or support for persons having that characteristic. It applies equally to every person.\nSection 2: Hate-Crime Finding\nAn offense is a hate crime where the prosecution proves that:\n(a) at the time of the offense, or immediately before or after it, the offender demonstrated hostility towards the victim based on a protected characteristic; or\n(b) hostility towards persons sharing a protected characteristic wholly or partly motivated the offense.\nHostility means hatred, contempt, or antagonism towards persons because of a protected characteristic. An offense against property or an organization qualifies where that hostility motivated its selection as a target because of its connection with such persons. The characteristic need not be correctly perceived or the hostility the sole motive. The victim’s identity, the offender’s beliefs, or an unrelated offensive remark alone does not establish the aggravation.\nSection 3: Proof and Sentencing\nThe aggravation shall be alleged before trial. The underlying offense and the aggravation shall each be proved beyond a reasonable doubt. The court shall record a separate finding and treat a proved aggravation as increasing seriousness, stating its effect on the sentence.\nThe court may increase an expressly numerical maximum fine or term of imprisonment for the underlying offense by up to 50%. No minimum sentence is required. A fractional day resulting from an enhancement shall be rounded down.\nSection 4: Coordination of Enhancements\nThe same hostility shall not both establish a hate-specific offense or aggravated form of an offense and support this enhancement. Multiple protected characteristics do not create multiple enhancements for the same offense.\nWhere this enhancement is combined with Article 7 or Article 11 of this Chapter or Chapter 8, Article 26, Section 4 or Article 28, Section 3, each increase shall be calculated from the same maximum before those enhancements. The combined maximum shall not exceed twice that maximum unless another Act expressly authorizes a higher combined limit. The court shall record its calculation.\nChapter 4 - Criminal Discrimination and Hate Speech\nSection 1: Deliberate Criminal Discrimination and Retaliation\nTitle 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 25 at the end of the Chapter, to read:\nArticle 25: Criminal Discrimination and Retaliation\nSection 1: Criminal Discrimination\nA person commits criminal discrimination where, in an activity covered by Title 1, Chapter 7, the person intentionally denies or materially restricts another person’s employment, education, housing, healthcare, public service, goods, services, or facilities because of a ground protected by Article 2 or, within healthcare and education, Article 8 of that Chapter, without a lawful exception, and knowing the material facts making the treatment discriminatory.\nA civil finding alone does not establish this offense. Indirect discrimination, an honest mistake, or a failure to provide reasonable accommodation does not alone establish criminal discrimination without proof of the intentional denial or restriction required by this Section.\nSection 2: Criminal Retaliation\nA person commits criminal retaliation where the person intentionally dismisses, evicts, excludes, or otherwise causes material disadvantage to another person to punish or deter a complaint, request for accommodation, evidence, assistance, or proceedings protected by Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 4. An unsuccessful complaint remains protected. Protection does not extend to the complainant’s own knowing fabrication of allegations or evidence.\nSection 3: Penalties\nAn offense under this Article is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 25,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 14 days.\nWhere the offender abuses authority over the victim, targets multiple victims through an organized practice, or knowingly breaches an injunction prohibiting the conduct, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(c) a fine not exceeding 50,000 SL;\n(d) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.\nThe same circumstance shall not support another enhancement.\nCivil remedies under Title 1, Chapter 7 remain available. Restitution and compensation for the same loss shall be credited against one another.\nSection 2: Hate Harassment and Incitement\nTitle 7, Chapter 9 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Articles 10 and 11 after Article 9, to read:\nArticle 10: Hate Harassment\nSection 1: Elements\nA person commits hate harassment where, because of a protected characteristic defined in Title 7, Chapter 2, Article 12, the person directs unwanted threatening or seriously abusive conduct at another person, intending to intimidate that person, and thereby causes fear of violence or serious alarm or distress substantially interfering with ordinary life. The fear, alarm, or distress shall be reasonable in the circumstances.\nThe conduct shall occur on at least 2 occasions or consist of a single grave act sufficient to cause the harm required by this Section. It may occur in a public or private place, through electronic communications, or through others. A slur or insult is evidence to be considered in context and does not alone establish the offense.\nSection 2: Penalties\nHate harassment is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 10,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 14 days.\nWhere the offender uses a weapon, acts as part of a coordinated campaign against the victim, or knowingly breaches a protective order, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(c) a fine not exceeding 50,000 SL;\n(d) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.\nThe same circumstance shall not support another enhancement.\nArticle 11: Hate Speech and Incitement to Violence or Criminal Discrimination\nSection 1: Elements\nA person commits an offense where the person communicates threatening or seriously abusive words, images, or other material to an audience, intending to encourage violence or criminal discrimination against persons because of a protected characteristic defined in Title 7, Chapter 2, Article 12, and the communication creates a real and substantial risk of that conduct.\nThe offense includes speech, publication, display, distribution, broadcasting, and electronic communication to a public or private audience. It is not necessary to identify an individual victim or prove that the encouraged conduct occurred. Hatred, offense, or disagreement alone is insufficient.\nThe court shall consider the content and context, the speaker’s influence, the intended audience, the scale and repetition of dissemination, and the likelihood of the encouraged conduct. Criminal discrimination means an offense under Title 7, Chapter 8, Article 25.\nSection 2: Penalties\nAn offense under this Article is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 50,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.\nWhere the offender supplies weapons or operational instructions to facilitate the encouraged violence, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(c) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;\n(d) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.\nSection 3: Protected Expression\nFor Articles 10 and 11, criticism, ridicule, satire, political advocacy, religious teaching or debate, discussion of sex or gender, and good-faith reporting or quotation do not alone establish an offense.\nSection 4: Additional Orders and Separate Offenses\nFollowing conviction under Article 10 or 11, or Chapter 8, Article 25, the court may order:\n(a) restitution;\n(b) a proportionate no-contact or access restriction not exceeding 180 days;\n(c) community service not exceeding 40 hours; or\n(d) a suitable educational programme not exceeding 12 hours.\nEducation shall address the offending conduct and prevention of harm, with reasonable disability accommodation. Orders shall be necessary, practicable, and proportionate to the whole sentence.\nA removal order shall identify material found unlawful and be limited to its removal or prevention of its republication.\nCriminal incitement under Chapter 1, Article 5, threats or stalking under Chapter 8, Article 16, and other offenses remain available where their elements are proved. The same conduct and harm shall not receive duplicate punishment under overlapping offenses. Distinct victims, acts, or harms may be punished separately under Chapter 1, Article 10. The limitation rules in Chapter 2, Article 9 remain applicable.\nChapter 5 - Domestic Abuse, Disability-Related Abuse, and Protection\nSection 1: Domestic Violence and Coercive Control\nTitle 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Articles 26 and 27 after Article 25, to read:\nArticle 26: Domestic Abuse, Domestic Assault, and Coercive Control\nSection 1: Meaning and Persons Protected\nDomestic abuse means physical or sexual violence, unlawful threats or restraint, or serious psychological, emotional, social, or economic abuse between personally connected persons. Personally connected persons include current or former spouses or intimate partners; parents, children, siblings, and other relatives; persons in adoptive, foster, guardianship, or caregiving relationships; and members of a household linked by family, intimacy, care, or dependency. A shared address alone is insufficient. Abuse may be a single serious incident or a course of conduct; Section 2 requires repeated or continuous behaviour.\nProtection applies regardless of sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, or whether the persons presently live together. It does not depend on a valid marriage, a lawful sexual relationship, or a previous complaint. A child who sees, hears, or experiences the effects of domestic abuse shall be considered in safeguarding and protection decisions.\nCulture, religion, family honour, jealousy, or a claimed entitlement to discipline a partner does not excuse abuse.\nSection 2: Coercive Control and Emotional, Social, and Financial Abuse\nA person commits an offense by intentionally engaging in repeated or continuous controlling or coercive behaviour towards a personally connected person that causes fear of violence; serious psychological or emotional distress substantially affecting daily life; or a substantial impairment of financial, social, or daily-living independence. The person shall know of that effect or consciously disregard a substantial risk of causing it.\nControlling or coercive behaviour may include:\n(a) psychological or emotional abuse, including repeated degradation, intimidation, manipulation intended to undermine autonomy or a person’s ability to judge their own situation, and threats of self-harm or harm to others used to compel the person’s conduct;\n(b) social or relationship abuse, including enforced isolation, interference with supportive friendships or family contact, and threats to destroy relationships, expose private information, or damage reputation to enforce control;\n(c) work or educational abuse, including obstructing attendance, sabotaging work or study, withholding necessary transport or equipment, or threatening dismissal, exclusion, professional harm, or false reports to an employer or institution as a means of coercion;\n(d) economic or financial abuse, including taking or controlling earnings or benefits, coercing transfers or debts, denying access to accounts, documents, necessities, housing, or medical care, and obstructing the ability to obtain, use, or retain money, property, employment, or essential services; and\n(e) surveillance or digital monitoring used to control the person, threats against children, relatives, or animals, and material restrictions on movement, communication, or access to help.\nThese forms of abuse may be carried out through other people or digital tools and may continue after separation. Serious emotional distress does not require a medical diagnosis; its nature and effect shall be proved from the available evidence.\nOrdinary disagreement, voluntary arrangements, legitimate financial decisions, ending a relationship, good-faith reporting of wrongdoing, and necessary and proportionate caregiving or parental safeguarding do not alone establish the offense. Their use as part of a coercive pattern shall be assessed in context. The court or jury shall examine the whole proved pattern, its purpose and effect, dependency, and genuine consent, rather than an isolated act detached from context.\nAn offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(f) a fine not exceeding 50,000 SL;\n(g) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.\nWhere the pattern causes serious physical or psychological injury, deliberately uses a child to control the victim, or knowingly breaches a protective order, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(h) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;\n(i) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.\nThe same circumstance shall not be counted again as an enhancement.\nSection 3: Domestic Assault\nAn assault under Article 9 committed as domestic abuse is domestic assault and is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 25,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.\nWhere an aggravating circumstance in Article 9, Section 3 is proved, or the assault forms part of a proved repeated pattern of domestic violence, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(c) a fine not exceeding 150,000 SL;\n(d) imprisonment not exceeding 90 days.\nOnly timely proved acts may establish the repeated pattern for this aggravated form; prior convictions are governed by Chapter 2, Article 7. The maximum penalties in paragraphs (a) to (d) replace the corresponding maximum penalties for ordinary or aggravated assault; they do not limit a separately proved homicide or sexual offense.\nStrangulation, the use or threat of a weapon, serious injury, targeting a pregnant or dependent person, and deliberately exposing a child to violence shall receive particular attention where proved and relevant. No minimum sentence is mandatory. The court shall explain its assessment of seriousness and mitigation.\nSection 4: Other Offenses and Enhancement Limits\nWhere another offense against a personally connected person is proved to constitute domestic abuse, the court shall record that finding and may increase an expressly numerical maximum fine or term of imprisonment by up to 50%. The relationship and abusive character shall be alleged before trial and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.\nThe maximum penalties for domestic assault under Section 3 are the starting limits for independent enhancements; this Section’s 50% increase shall not also be applied to them or to the coercive-control penalties in Section 2, paragraphs (f) to (i). For another offense, this increase, increases under Article 28, Section 3, and increases under Chapter 2, Articles 7, 11, and 12 shall be calculated from the same unenhanced maximum, with a combined limit of twice that maximum unless an Act expressly permits more. The same fact shall not establish an aggravated form and be counted again for the same enhancement.\nSeparate offenses, acts, or victims may be punished under Chapter 1, Article 10, but overlapping descriptions of the same conduct and harm shall not receive duplicate punishment. Compensation and restitution for the same loss shall be credited against one another. The limitation rules in Chapter 2, Article 9 remain applicable; protective relief addresses a present risk and does not revive a time-barred prosecution. Time-barred acts may supply lawful context but shall not be independently punished; later acts may be charged only where they independently satisfy an offense within the applicable period.\nSection 5: Evidence, Defense, and Sentencing\nEach person’s conduct shall be assessed separately. Mutual allegations or injuries do not establish equal responsibility. The court or jury shall consider relevant evidence of the history of abuse, coercion, defensive action, power and dependency, and the circumstances of the incident. Remaining in a relationship, delayed reporting, withdrawal of a complaint, or the absence of visible injury does not alone disprove abuse or a defense.\nSelf-defense, defense of another, duress, mistake, necessity, and the excuses in Chapter 2 remain available. The judge shall explain the legal tests to a lawfully constituted jury; the jury decides disputed facts where the governing procedure assigns that role. The prosecution retains its burden of proving the offense and disproving a properly raised defense beyond a reasonable doubt.\nA sentence may include:\n(a) restitution;\n(b) a protective order under Article 27; and\n(c) a suitable violence-prevention or counselling programme not exceeding 24 hours.\nThe court shall consider culpability, harm, genuine fear, previous coercion, ability to pay, and obligations towards dependants, giving restitution priority where resources are limited. A person shall not be required to reconcile or undergo joint mediation with the alleged abuser.\nArticle 27: Domestic-Abuse Protection Orders and Support\nSection 1: Judicial Protection\nOn application by an affected person, an authorized representative, or a Constable of the National Gendarmerie and Police acting within lawful jurisdiction to protect a person at risk, a competent court may make a protective order where domestic abuse has occurred or is threatened and a continuing or imminent risk is established on the balance of probabilities. A conviction or pending prosecution is not required. The court shall identify the acts or risks found and the necessity and proportionality of each restriction.\nAn order may prohibit contact, harassment, tracking, or entry to specified places; require temporary departure from a shared residence regardless of ownership; arrange supervised retrieval of belongings; and impose a specific temporary weapon-access restriction where lawful and necessary to prevent violence. Residence and weapon measures shall not determine permanent property rights or create a general weapon prohibition. Child-contact conditions shall address safety and the child’s best interests within the court’s jurisdiction.\nAn order after a hearing may last up to 180 days and may be varied, discharged, or renewed on a fresh finding of continuing risk after an opportunity to be heard. The parties shall receive clear terms and reasons. The court may protect confidential addresses and arrange separate attendance or remote evidence while preserving a fair opportunity to answer the case.\nSection 2: Immediate Danger and Prompt Hearing\nWhere delay creates an immediate risk of violence or serious harm, a judge may make an interim order without advance notice for no more than 7 days before an opportunity for a hearing. On reasonable grounds of immediate danger, a Constable of the National Gendarmerie and Police acting within lawful jurisdiction may direct temporary departure and no contact for no more than 48 hours. The Constable shall record the grounds, serve clear written terms, and apply promptly for judicial review. The direction expires after that period unless replaced by a judicial order. These measures do not authorize detention without another lawful ground.\nSection 3: Knowing Breach\nA person who, without reasonable excuse, knowingly breaches a valid protective order or emergency direction of which the person has notice commits an offense punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 25,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 14 days.\nWhere the breach involves a credible threat of serious harm or repeated deliberate violations, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(c) a fine not exceeding 50,000 SL;\n(d) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.\nIndependent violence or stalking may be prosecuted, subject to the prohibition on duplicate punishment for the same conduct and harm.\nSection 4: Assistance\nThe National Gendarmerie and Police Administration and relevant care services shall assess immediate safety, take reasonable protective steps within their authority, and offer information and referrals for medical care, safe accommodation, legal assistance, and child protection. Assistance shall be accessible to persons with disabilities and shall not depend on agreeing to mediation or making a criminal complaint.\nSection 2: Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation of Persons with Disabilities\nTitle 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 28 after Article 27, to read:\nArticle 28: Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation of Persons with Disabilities\nSection 1: Distinct Category and Scope\nAn offense against a person with disabilities is disability-related abuse where the offender knowingly exploits that person’s disability-related dependence, a position of care or trust in relation to that person, or a disability-related difficulty in resisting, communicating, understanding the conduct, or obtaining protection to commit, conceal, or continue the offense. This category applies in domestic, institutional, professional, and community settings, without requiring a family relationship or proof of hatred.\nDisability has the meaning in Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 2. Disability alone does not establish incapacity, dependence, or inability to resist; the person’s actual circumstances govern. The classification and circumstances relied upon shall be alleged before trial and proved beyond a reasonable doubt.\nSection 2: Abusive Deprivation and Wilful Neglect\nA person commits abusive deprivation where, without lawful justification, the person knowingly withholds, removes, damages, or obstructs access to essential medication, food, water, hygiene, personal assistance, mobility or sensory equipment, communication aids, necessary documents, or emergency help on which a person with disabilities depends, and thereby causes serious harm or a substantial risk of serious harm which the offender knows of or consciously disregards. The person shall have a duty to provide the support or have deliberately taken control of access to it.\nA person entrusted with essential care commits wilful neglect where, knowing that duty and being reasonably able to provide care or obtain assistance, the person deliberately fails to act and knowingly or recklessly exposes the person with disabilities to a substantial risk of serious physical or psychological harm. A single grave act or omission may suffice; a repeated pattern is not required.\nSerious harm includes substantial impairment of physical safety, psychological wellbeing, communication, or independent daily living. Informed refusal of care, necessary and proportionate lawful treatment or emergency safeguarding, and an unavoidable shortfall despite reasonable efforts to obtain assistance do not alone establish an offense. An ordinary failure of accommodation does not become criminal neglect without the elements required by this Section.\nSection 3: Existing Offenses and Financial Exploitation\nAssault, sexual abuse, threats, stalking, coercive control, theft, fraud, extortion, or another independently defined offense may be classified under Section 1. Financial exploitation includes misappropriating disability benefits or care funds, procuring transfers or debts by deception or coercion, or abusing control of an account or property; the elements of the underlying offense shall still be proved.\nFor an existing offense classified under Section 1, the court shall record the disability-related abuse and may increase an expressly numerical maximum fine or term of imprisonment by up to 50%. The increase shall not also be applied to the disability-specific offenses and penalties in Sections 2 and 4.\nIncreases under this Section, Article 26, Section 4, and Chapter 2, Articles 7, 11, and 12 shall be calculated from the same starting maximum and together shall not exceed twice that maximum unless an Act expressly permits more. The maximum penalties for domestic assault under Article 26, Section 3 remain the starting limits where applicable. The same dependence or difficulty in defending against harm shall not both establish an aggravated form and support this enhancement. Distinct hostility or another independent aggravating fact must be proved separately.\nSection 4: Penalties and Other Orders\nAn offense under Section 2 is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 50,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 30 days.\nWhere it causes serious physical or psychological injury, forms part of repeated grave neglect, or knowingly breaches a protective order, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(c) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;\n(d) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.\nThere is no mandatory minimum. A greater penalty for a separately proved offense remains available, subject to the prohibition on duplicate punishment for the same conduct and harm.\nThe court may also order:\n(e) restitution;\n(f) restoration or replacement of essential aids;\n(g) a suitable programme not exceeding 24 hours; and\n(h) a restriction on the offender’s care, financial, or supervisory functions not exceeding 180 days.\nEach order shall be necessary and proportionate.\nSection 5: Protection, Assistance, and Personal Autonomy\nThe protective orders and emergency measures in Article 27 are available for abuse under this Article whether or not the persons are personally connected. They may require restoration of access to support and safe arrangements for replacement care. Removing an abusive carer shall be coordinated with necessary alternative assistance; the person shall not be left without essential support as a consequence of the protective measure.\nThe National Gendarmerie and Police Administration, courts, and care services shall provide reasonable communication assistance and an accessible way to report and give evidence, including assistance from an independent person chosen by the affected person where appropriate. A communication difficulty does not itself establish unreliability. The person’s will and preferences shall be respected.\nSection 3: Relationship with the Assault Provisions\nTitle 7, Chapter 8, Article 9 of the Civil Code is amended by adding Section 6:\nSection 6: Domestic Assault\nWhere an assault constitutes domestic abuse under Article 26, the classification and sentencing limits in that Article apply. Section 5 and the justifications and excuses in Chapter 2 remain applicable.\nSection 4: Context, Perceived Threats, and Excess Defensive Force\nTitle 7, Chapter 2, Article 2 of the Civil Code is amended by adding Sections 6 and 7:\nSection 6: Assessment in the Circumstances\nNecessity, imminence, and proportionality shall be assessed in the circumstances reasonably perceived at the time, including relevant previous violence or coercive control, threats, relative physical ability, access to weapons, and the time available to react. A person confronted by an attack is not required to calculate the precise degree of necessary force with calm hindsight. Previous abuse is relevant evidence and does not by itself authorize revenge or force against a merely remote threat.\nSection 5 governs a mistaken belief in danger. Once credible evidence raises self-defense or defense of another, the prosecution shall disprove at least one required condition beyond a reasonable doubt. A domestic relationship does not reduce that protection.\nSection 7: Fear-Driven Excess and Mitigation\nWhere an actual imminent unlawful attack occurs, excess defensive force is excused if severe fear, confusion, or panic caused by that attack materially impaired the accused’s ability to regulate the response and the force was used to protect against the attack. The excuse does not cover retaliation after the accused recognized that the danger had ended, or an encounter deliberately provoked to create an excuse for violence under Section 4.\nThe accused shall produce credible evidence supporting the excuse; the prosecution shall then disprove a required condition beyond a reasonable doubt. The judge shall direct a lawfully constituted jury on the legal test. Where no complete justification or excuse applies, genuine fear, coercion, trauma, a mistaken threat perception, or limited opportunity to react may mitigate sentence; the court shall give reasons.\nChapter 6 - Freedom of Expression and Consequential Amendments\nSection 1: Freedom of Expression and the Press\nTitle 1, Chapter 1, Article 1 of the Civil Code is amended to read:\nArticle 1: Freedom of Speech Expression and the Press\nSection 1: Freedom of Expression and the Press\nDefinition: Citizens have the right to express their opinions freely, with limitations.\nEvery person shall enjoy freedom of expression and the press, including the right to seek, receive, and communicate information and ideas through any medium.\nCriticism of public authorities or religious institutions, political or religious debate, satire, artistic or academic expression, and good-faith reporting shall not, by themselves, justify restriction or punishment.\nSection 2: Limitations Lawful Restrictions\nLimitations:\n- Hate speech, discrimination, or incitement to violence are not protected.\n- General harassment is prohibited\nA restriction on expression or expressive material shall have express legal authority, identify the material or conduct concerned and the public interest protected, and be necessary and proportionate to that interest.\nDiscrimination, harassment, retaliation, hate speech, and incitement are subject to the specific elements, exceptions, remedies, and penalties in Title 1, Chapter 7 and Title 7. Describing expression as hateful, insulting, or harmful to social cohesion does not alone establish liability. A slur or insult shall be assessed in context under the elements of the alleged contravention or offense.\n- Speech concerning the Sovereign or Imperial Family shall not constitute treason merely because it is critical, disrespectful, derogatory, or allegedly defamatory. Political propaganda concerning the reigning Monarch or an heir is governed by Title 1, Chapter 3; civil defamation is governed by Title 1, Chapter 4; and criminal liability requires proof of a specific Title 7 offense.\nSection 3: Consequences of Violations Remedies, Penalties, and Review\nPunishment:\n- General Offenses: Warning, Fine, or Temporary Suspension of speech privileges.\n-Slurs, or any derogatory name or word subject to context that are used in a derogatory way to harass or put down a person, and the excessive of slurs or derogatory words will be not permitted and will result in direct temporary suspension of speech privileges or at His Imperial Majesty’s Pleasure.\nLiability and enforcement shall be determined as follows:\n(a) civil relief requires proof of a civil contravention under the applicable law;\n(b) criminal punishment requires proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every element of a defined offense and shall remain within its authorized penalties;\n(c) an order restricting communication, access, publication, or material shall have an express legal basis, identify its scope and duration, and be necessary and proportionate to the established grounds; and\n(d) a restriction imposed by a state organ shall be subject to judicial review under the applicable procedure.\nSection 2: Relationship with Existing Harassment Provisions\nTitle 7, Chapter 8, Article 16, Section 3 of the Civil Code is amended by adding at its end:\nThis Section does not exclude liability for hate harassment or hate incitement under Chapter 9, Articles 10 and 11 where every element of the separate offense is proved.\nChapter 7 - Reproductive Autonomy, Children's Rights, Equal Facilities, and Tenancy\nSection 1: Contraception and Voluntary Reproductive Choice\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code, as inserted by Chapter 1 of this Act, is amended by inserting Article 10 immediately after Article 9, to read:\nArticle 10: Reproductive Autonomy and Freedom of Contraception\nSection 1: Reproductive Choice\nEvery person has the right to decide freely whether to reproduce and whether to seek, obtain, use, discontinue, or provide lawful contraception. This includes barrier methods, medicines, devices, emergency contraception, and other methods of preventing pregnancy. A person shall not be compelled to use contraception or punished for a lawful decision not to use it.\nSection 2: Prohibition of Government Bans\nNo national, subnational, or local state organ shall prohibit a contraceptive method, its lawful supply, or its voluntary use on moral, religious, ideological, demographic, or population-policy grounds.\nA restriction on a contraceptive product or method may be imposed only on the basis of reliable evidence demonstrating a material risk to health or safety. The restriction shall address that risk, be necessary and proportionate, and use a less restrictive effective measure where one is reasonably available. Risks and benefits shall be evaluated in their actual clinical context; the mere existence of side effects does not justify a general prohibition.\nSection 3: Permitted Safety Measures\nSafety regulation may include truthful labeling, quality controls, informed-consent requirements for invasive treatment, product-specific warnings, professional supervision where medically necessary, restrictions for identified contraindications, and withdrawal of a product demonstrated to be unsafe. Such measures shall not be used as a disguised prohibition on contraception as a category.\nSection 4: Enforcement\nA person adversely affected by a contravention may seek relief under Article 7 of this Chapter. The competent court may restrain enforcement of a contrary restriction, restore lawful access, and order another appropriate remedy within its jurisdiction.\nSection 2: Institutional Dignity and Personal Safeguards\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 11 immediately after Article 10, to read:\nArticle 11: Rights and Safeguards of Institutionalized Persons\nSection 1: Application\nThis Article applies to hospitals, psychiatric facilities, correctional institutions, residential treatment centers, therapeutic programs, and other institutions exercising custody, care, or substantial control over a person, whether public or private.\nSection 2: Liberty and Dignity\nNo person shall be involuntarily confined merely because of disability, perceived mental illness, refusal to obey a nonessential instruction, disagreement with staff, religious nonconformity, or a request to leave. Confinement requires express lawful authority and the safeguards applicable to that authority.\nA person in institutional care remains entitled to humane treatment, necessary food and water, hygiene, appropriate medical attention, reasonable communication, and protection from coercion, humiliation, and financial exploitation.\nSection 3: Counsel and Communication\nAn institution shall not isolate a person from independent legal counsel, the courts, or a lawful representative to obstruct legal remedies, compel obedience, or conceal abuse. Any temporary restriction on ordinary communication shall be necessary for an identified immediate safety or security risk, documented, proportionate, and subject to review.\nSection 4: Treatment and Consent\nMedication, physical restraint, and behavioral treatment shall not be administered as punishment, retaliation, humiliation, or staff convenience. Informed refusal of treatment shall be respected except where specific law permits necessary emergency intervention, subject to prompt review and the least restrictive effective means.\nSection 5: Inspections and Property\nInstitutions shall preserve lawful access for competent inspectors, accurate records, relevant evidence, and the property and financial interests of residents. No person shall be retaliated against for assisting a lawful inspection, seeking independent advice, or reporting abuse.\nSection 6: Education of Children in Institutions\nWhere an Act establishes a nationwide education program, a child within that program's eligibility rules shall not be denied its instruction merely because the child is confined or institutionalized. This Section becomes operative only when such a nationwide program comes into force, and does not itself establish that program.\nSection 7: Remedies\nThis Article is enforceable under Article 7 of this Chapter. Where the court finds unlawful confinement, deprivation, treatment, or interference with rights, it may order cessation, correction, lawful review, restoration of access, compensation, or another appropriate remedy.\nSection 3: Children as Independent Persons Before the Family and the Law\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 12 immediately after Article 11, to read:\nArticle 12: Recognition, Dignity, and Voice of Children\nSection 1: Independent Personhood\nEvery child is an individual person possessing their own dignity, feelings, thoughts, interests, beliefs, and opinions. A child shall not be treated merely as the property, possession, or extension of a parent or guardian.\nSection 2: Participation Within the Family\nA parent or guardian shall, where reasonably practicable, give a child an age-appropriate opportunity to express views on significant decisions affecting the child's life, welfare, education, relationships, and care. Such views shall be considered sincerely, with weight appropriate to the child's age, understanding, and evolving capacities.\nParental responsibility for care, safety, guidance, and lawful decisions remains in effect. A child's views need not determine the outcome, but disagreement alone shall not justify humiliation, coercion, or retaliation.\nSection 3: Participation Before State Organs and Courts\nA court, public authority, school, or care institution deciding a matter materially affecting a child shall provide a reasonable and accessible opportunity for the child to be heard, directly or through an independent or chosen representative where appropriate. The decision-maker shall consider the child's expressed views and state how they were taken into account where giving reasons is otherwise required.\nThe child's ability to express views shall be supported according to the child's communication needs. Age or disability alone shall not justify refusing to hear a child capable of communicating a view.\nSection 4: Conflicting Interests and Safeguarding\nWhere the child's interests may materially conflict with those of a parent or guardian in a judicial or safeguarding proceeding, the competent court may appoint independent representation or provide another means for the child's views to be heard. Necessary measures to protect a child against immediate serious harm may be taken under existing law notwithstanding disagreement.\nSection 5: Legal Effect\nThis Article does not confer automatic majority, independent contractual capacity, or an unrestricted right to override lawful parental decisions. It governs the exercise of parental authority and public functions; a court may take a failure to respect its duties into account in a proceeding concerning the child's welfare and order appropriate prospective relief.\nSection 4: Restroom Access, Privacy, and Practical Parity\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 13 immediately after Article 12, to read:\nArticle 13: Equal Restroom Access and Sanitary Facilities\nSection 1: Equal Access\nWhere toilets or restrooms are provided for employees, patrons, students, patients, or the public in an activity covered by Article 1, they shall be available without unlawful discrimination. A person may use a restroom consistent with their gender identity. No person shall be required to disclose medical history, undergo medical treatment, or present a changed identity document to exercise that access.\nA single-user restroom may be designated for use by persons of any gender. An available private or all-gender facility may be offered as a choice but shall not be imposed as a condition of equal access to other facilities.\nSection 2: Reasonable Capacity and Parity\nA provider responsible for occupied premises shall maintain a reasonable number of usable toilet facilities for the actual occupancy and use of the premises, taking account of waiting times, accessibility, accessibility needs, and the needs of persons who require enclosed stalls. Capacity shall be judged by effective access rather than an inflexible male-to-female fixture ratio.\nSection 3: Privacy, Hygiene, and Safety\nRestrooms shall provide appropriate privacy, functioning access controls on individual enclosed compartments where fitted, and reasonable cleanliness and maintenance. Rules against harassment, intrusion, deliberate exposure, vandalism, or violence may be enforced impartially without excluding a person solely because of gender identity or appearance.\nSection 4: Existing Premises and Construction\nAn existing facility shall not be required to undertake disproportionate structural reconstruction solely to change restroom designation or fixture allocation. New facilities and material renovations shall incorporate reasonable capacity, accessible entry, and privacy measures consistent with applicable construction standards.\nThis Article does not require a private residence to open its facilities to the public. Its duties apply when restrooms are provided as part of a covered activity.\nSection 5: Enforcement\nDenial of access and unjustified unequal treatment are enforceable under Article 7. A court may require access, reasonable corrective measures, and other available civil remedies.\nSection 5: Hair Texture, Hairstyles, and Occupational Safety\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 14 immediately after Article 13, to read:\nArticle 14: Hair Discrimination and Reasonable Safety Rules\nSection 1: Protected Hair Characteristics\nIn a covered activity, a person shall not be disadvantaged on the basis of hair texture, length, color, a natural or customary hairstyle, or another lawful form of hair presentation. Protection extends to characteristics or styles associated with cultural, familial, religious, or personal identity without requiring a person to belong to a particular group.\nA rule requiring a person to straighten, chemically alter, or remove natural or protective hair, without objective justification under Section 2, constitutes discrimination.\nSection 2: Hygiene, Safety, and Genuine Duties\nA responsible person may apply a hairstyle or hair-restraint requirement where necessary and proportionate to an actual hygiene, safety, identification, protective-equipment, or essential occupational need. This includes requiring effective hair or beard coverings when handling exposed food, and securing hair near moving machinery, open flame, or other identified hazards.\nSuch requirements shall be applied consistently. Reasonably effective alternatives, including hairnets, caps, ties, protective coverings, and compatible safety equipment, shall be considered before ordering hair to be cut or excluding the person.\nSection 3: Neutral Appearance Rules\nAn ordinary and consistently applied grooming or uniform rule may regulate cleanliness and safe presentation, but mere preference for a particular texture or cultural appearance, generalized assertions of professionalism, or customer prejudice shall not constitute a sufficient justification.\nSection 4: Remedies\nA violation is enforceable under Article 7 of this Chapter. An employer or service provider may be required to replace an unjustified rule with an effective, proportionate alternative.\nSection 6: Tenancy, Property Access, and Residential Security\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 15 immediately after Article 14, to read:\nArticle 15: Rights and Obligations of Tenants and Landlords\nSection 1: Scope and Meaning\nA tenancy is an agreement by which a person entitled to control a registered parcel, dwelling, room, building, or other premises grants another person possession or occupancy for an agreed term or recurring payment. A landlord is the person granting that right; a tenant is the person receiving it. The true substance of the arrangement governs regardless of its title.\nTemporary guests, visitors, persons using public facilities, and persons having only revocable access without an agreement for occupancy are not tenants merely because they enter premises. Tenancy does not transfer ownership of a parcel or structure.\nSection 2: Rental Terms and Proof\nA landlord shall disclose the premises, rent or other agreed consideration, payment interval, deposit, permitted use, and material restrictions before accepting payment. Written or digitally recorded terms may be relied upon, but a tenancy established by conduct and payment remains enforceable. A material change of rent or conditions shall require agreement or the notice and termination procedures in this Article.\nSection 3: Peaceful Occupation and Access\nA tenant complying with the tenancy is entitled to peaceful use of the premises during the term. A landlord shall not arbitrarily change locks or access permissions, block entrances, remove a tenant's possessions, demolish occupied works, interrupt an agreed essential service, or otherwise force the tenant out without lawful process.\nExcept for an emergency involving immediate danger, necessary urgent repairs, or another lawful power, the landlord shall give at least 24 hours' notice before entry, identify a legitimate reason, and act at a reasonable time. A tenant shall permit reasonable inspection and necessary repairs upon such notice.\nSection 4: Condition of Premises and Repairs\nThe landlord shall provide the premises in the condition agreed and maintain structural safety, accessible entrances and exits, and essential installations that the landlord undertook to supply. The tenant shall maintain reasonable cleanliness, report known material defects, avoid deliberate or reckless damage, and not make substantial alterations without permission.\nAfter notice of a material defect, the landlord shall correct it within a reasonable time in light of the risk, necessary work, and available means. A tenant shall not be charged for ordinary deterioration from proper use. Where an essential part of the premises cannot safely be used, the court may order repair, proportionate rent reduction, or termination and restitution.\nSection 5: Deposits and Charges\nA security deposit shall not exceed 2 ordinary installments of rent for the payment period agreed. Within 14 days after the tenancy ends and possession is returned, the landlord shall return the deposit or provide an itemized statement of lawful deductions and return the balance.\nA deduction may cover unpaid rent, agreed outstanding charges, or reasonably established damage beyond ordinary wear, but shall not exceed the amount actually owed or reasonably required for repair. An undisclosed penalty or invented charge is unenforceable.\nSection 6: Notice and Termination\nA landlord alleging unpaid rent or a remediable material breach shall give written or electronically recorded notice stating the breach and allowing at least 7 days to pay or remedy it before seeking termination. A tenant may terminate a periodic tenancy by giving notice of 1 rent-payment period, unless the parties agree to a longer reasonable period.\nA landlord seeking to end a periodic tenancy without alleging breach shall give at least 1 complete rent-payment period of notice and shall not act in retaliation for lawful complaints or exercise of tenant rights. An agreed fixed term ends as provided in the agreement, subject to any lawful renewal.\nSection 7: Eviction and Property\nWhere a tenant contests termination or remains in possession, eviction shall require an order of a competent court and execution by an authorized person. An immediate danger may justify temporary protective action under existing law, but does not itself transfer ownership of the tenant's possessions.\nA landlord retains ownership rights and may recover rent, compensation for damage, and possession by lawful process. A tenant may recover personal property, improvements they may lawfully remove without material damage, deposits, and compensation as ordered by the court.\nSection 8: Civil Enforcement\nA tenant or landlord may seek declaratory relief, an injunction, payment, repair, possession, restitution, or compensation in the competent Circuit Court. The court shall consider the terms, actual occupancy, conduct, proof of payment, urgency of any safety risk, and the parties' respective rights. No separate tenancy registry or government account shall be required by this Article.\nChapter 8 - Serious Reproductive, Institutional, and Child-Abuse Offenses\nSection 1: Forced Sterilization, Reproductive Coercion, and Genital Harm\nTitle 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 29 immediately after Article 28, as proposed by Chapter 5 of this Act, to read:\nArticle 29: Forced Sterilization, Reproductive Coercion, and Genital Harm\nSection 1: Forced Sterilization\nA person commits forced sterilization where the person knowingly performs, procures, directs, or causes a medical or physical intervention intended permanently to destroy or substantially eliminate another person's reproductive capacity without that person's free, specific, and informed consent.\nConsent obtained through force, threats, material deception, unlawful confinement, or abuse of official, medical, parental, or institutional authority is invalid. Disability, criminal history, financial status, perceived fitness for parenthood, or public convenience shall not justify forced sterilization.\nNecessary treatment of an immediate and serious threat to life is excluded where the patient cannot consent, the loss of reproductive capacity is an incidental consequence rather than the purpose, and no reasonably available less harmful effective treatment exists.\nSection 2: Coerced Contraception and Forced Abortion\nA person commits coerced contraception by knowingly compelling another person through force, threats, deception, or abuse of authority to use, retain, or undergo contraception.\nA person commits forced abortion by knowingly performing or causing termination of another person's pregnancy without that person's free and informed consent, including by coercive administration of a substance or medical intervention.\nSection 3: Female Genital Mutilation\nA person commits female genital mutilation where the person knowingly performs, directs, or procures nontherapeutic removal of or injury to external female genital tissue for a mutilating purpose. Parental authorization, custom, or religious justification is not a defense. Genuine necessary medical treatment and lawful reconstructive procedures are excluded.\nSection 4: Virginity Testing\nA person commits an offense by knowingly requiring or performing an examination represented as establishing whether another person has previously engaged in sexual intercourse from physical or genital characteristics. A genuine medical or forensic examination shall not be described as proving virginity.\nSection 5: Ordinary Penalties\nCoerced contraception or virginity testing is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.\nForced abortion is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(c) a fine not exceeding 250,000 SL;\n(d) imprisonment not exceeding 180 days.\nForced sterilization or female genital mutilation is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(e) a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL;\n(f) imprisonment not exceeding 365 days.\nSection 6: Aggravated Penalties\nWhere the offense causes serious permanent injury, involves a child, or forms part of an organized course of coercive reproductive interventions, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 750,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 540 days.\nThe aggravating facts shall be alleged and proved beyond a reasonable doubt. Restitution and a restriction of connected medical or supervisory authority remain available under Chapter 2.\nSection 2: Institutional Confinement, Medication, and Exploitation\nTitle 7, Chapter 8 is amended by inserting Article 30 immediately after Article 29, to read:\nArticle 30: Institutional Confinement, Chemical Restraint, and Exploitation\nSection 1: Unlawful Confinement\nA person commits an offense where the person knowingly admits, confines, retains, or causes another person to be retained in an institution without lawful authority. Disability alone, disobedience, refusal to participate in nonessential treatment, or disagreement with institutional staff shall not provide such authority.\nEmergency confinement expressly authorized by law shall be necessary to prevent an immediate and serious risk of harm, proportionate, recorded with reasons, and submitted for independent judicial review within 48 hours.\nSection 2: Counsel and Communication\nAn institutional officer or caregiver commits an offense by knowingly obstructing access to counsel, judicial proceedings, or necessary independent communication for the purpose of punishment, coercion, retaliation, or concealing abuse. A temporary safety restriction satisfying Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 11, Section 3 is excluded.\nSection 3: Chemical Restraint and Disciplinary Medication\nA person commits an offense by knowingly administering medication or chemical restraint primarily to punish, intimidate, humiliate, or secure obedience rather than for a legitimate therapeutic or immediately necessary safety purpose. An emergency intervention to prevent imminent serious harm shall use the least restrictive effective measure and be documented and promptly reviewed.\nSection 4: Forced Psychological or Religious Practices\nA person commits an offense by using force, threats, deprivation, confinement, or abuse of authority to compel disclosure of traumatic experiences, intimate thoughts, or personal beliefs, or participation in religious deliverance, exorcism, conversion, or similar religious intervention. Voluntary religious practice and lawful noncoercive clinical assessment are excluded.\nSection 5: Obstruction of Inspections\nA person commits an offense where the person knowingly obstructs a lawful institutional inspection by concealing persons, falsifying material records, destroying evidence, threatening witnesses, or preventing access that an inspector is legally entitled to obtain. Inspections remain subject to the Constitution's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.\nSection 6: Confinement-Based Financial Exploitation\nA person commits an offense by knowingly exploiting another person's confinement, institutional dependence, or threatened continued detention to obtain money, property, account control, or an unauthorized financial benefit. Independently provable fraud, extortion, theft, or coercion remains subject to its existing elements.\nSection 7: Ordinary and Aggravated Penalties\nAn offense under this Article is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.\nWhere serious injury, prolonged unlawful detention, or an organized and repeated pattern of grave institutional abuse is proved, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(c) a fine not exceeding 250,000 SL;\n(d) imprisonment not exceeding 180 days.\nSection 3: Coercive and Dangerous Therapeutic Practices\nTitle 7, Chapter 8 is amended by inserting Article 31 immediately after Article 30, to read:\nArticle 31: Coercive Therapy, Harmful Behavioral Programs, and Experimentation\nSection 1: Prohibited Practices\nA person shall not knowingly perform, direct, procure, or operate a treatment or behavior-control practice involving:\n(a) rebirthing therapy using compression, suffocation, entrapment, or simulated birth by force;\n(b) coercive attachment therapy involving forced holding, physical domination, humiliation, or deprivation;\n(c) punitive wilderness survival programs imposing dangerous exposure, abandonment, or deprivation to compel obedience;\n(d) abusive therapeutic boot camps involving violence, degrading treatment, unlawful detention, or dangerous exhaustion;\n(e) pain-based aversion therapy involving deliberate painful shocks, injury, or comparable suffering to change behavior;\n(f) behavioral psychosurgery without free and informed consent; or\n(g) medical, psychological, or behavioral experimentation upon an institutionalized person without that person's free and informed consent.\nSection 2: Actual Conduct and Consent\nLiability depends on the conduct rather than the name, advertisement, or claimed religious or therapeutic character of the activity. Voluntary counseling, lawful medical treatment, safe outdoor recreation, and noncoercive behavioral support remain permitted. Institutional dependence or custody shall not itself constitute valid consent.\nSection 3: Ordinary and Aggravated Penalties\nAn offense under this Article is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.\nWhere it involves a child, causes serious injury, entails prolonged unlawful confinement, or forms part of repeated grave abuse, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(c) a fine not exceeding 250,000 SL;\n(d) imprisonment not exceeding 180 days.\nThe court may additionally impose a connected restriction on supervision or provision of the prohibited activity under Chapter 2, Article 6.\nSection 4: Corporal Punishment in Education and Parental Discipline\nTitle 7, Chapter 8 is amended by inserting Article 32 immediately after Article 31, to read:\nArticle 32: School Corporal Punishment and Unlawful Child Discipline\nSection 1: Schools and Educational Facilities\nCorporal punishment of a child is prohibited in every public or private school, educational facility, or residential educational program. Staff and persons exercising educational authority shall not intentionally inflict pain or physical discomfort for discipline. Necessary and proportionate intervention to prevent immediate harm is excluded.\nSection 2: Limited Parental Correction\nA parent or lawful guardian may use brief and proportionate noninjurious physical correction, including a light open-hand tap to an arm or another nonvulnerable area, but shall not cause bodily injury, substantial pain, or degrading treatment.\nParental or guardian authority does not justify:\n(a) striking the head, face, or neck;\n(b) choking, shaking, burning, or deliberately injuring a child;\n(c) striking with a dangerous implement;\n(d) forcing ingestion of soap, chemicals, or another harmful substance;\n(e) depriving a child of necessary food, water, medical care, or shelter;\n(f) confining, binding, or isolating a child in dangerous or degrading circumstances;\n(g) imposing hazardous environmental exposure or physical exertion; or\n(h) repeated punishment causing injury or serious suffering.\nSection 3: Penalties\nUnlawful corporal punishment under this Article is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 25,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 14 days.\nWhere the conduct causes serious injury, uses a dangerous prohibited method, or constitutes repeated grave abuse, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(c) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;\n(d) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.\nDistinct offenses remain separately chargeable under the general criminal provisions, subject to the prohibition on duplicate punishment for the same conduct and harm.\nChapter 9 - Criminal Limitation Period\nSection 1: Serious Bodily Autonomy Offenses and Criminal Filing Limit\nTitle 7, Chapter 2, Article 9, Section 4 of the Civil Code is amended by adding the following sentence at its end:\nForced sterilization, forced abortion, and female genital mutilation under Chapter 8, Article 29, and nonconsensual behavioral psychosurgery under Chapter 8, Article 31, are exempt from the limitation period.\nChapter 10 - Expanded Judicial Remedies and Organizational Enforcement\nSection 1: Civil Remedies for Individual Rights and Institutional Violations\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code, as proposed by this Act, is amended by inserting Article 16 immediately after Article 15, to read:\nArticle 16: Expanded Judicial Remedies and Corrective Orders\nSection 1: General Powers\nA competent court determining a civil contravention of this Chapter may grant the specific relief in this Article in addition to Article 7. The court may act against a liable person or organization without a criminal conviction.\nThe court may order:\n(a) cessation of the unlawful conduct and protection against its repetition;\n(b) return of property, restitution, compensation, and restoration of access or services;\n(c) correction of an unlawful contract term, policy, admission, employment, or service decision;\n(d) preservation and production of relevant records through lawful judicial process;\n(e) a corrective plan stating the required action, responsible officers, deadline, and proof of compliance; and\n(f) independent verification, safeguards for affected persons, and protection against retaliation.\nSection 2: Employment, Education, and Ordinary Services\nFor Articles 1 to 8 the court may require reinstatement, lawful reconsideration, admission, restored benefits or wages, effective reasonable accommodation, corrected staff rules, training, or an appropriate complaints procedure. A court shall award a suitable alternative when reinstatement would cause serious danger or is no longer possible.\nSection 3: Digital Access\nFor Article 9 the court may require correction and independent testing of inaccessible digital functions and effective interim access. Restriction of a digital function shall preserve lawful access to essential public services.\nSection 4: Reproductive Autonomy\nFor Article 10 the court may prohibit enforcement of an unlawful contraceptive restriction, restore lawful access, correct governmental directions, and return products withheld without a lawful safety basis.\nSection 5: Institutions and Children\nFor Articles 11 and 12 the court may stop unlawful detention, isolation, chemical restraint, or interference with legal advice; order lawful review, necessary alternative care, restoration of communication, record preservation, or independent representation of a child. The child's views shall be considered according to Article 12. Separation of a child from a family requires an independent lawful safeguarding basis.\nSection 6: Restrooms, Hair, and Tenancy\nFor Articles 13 and 14 the court may restore equal restroom access, require proportionate privacy measures, withdraw an unjustified hairstyle ban, and require a reasonable safety-compatible hair covering. For Article 15 it may restore lawful occupancy, access, essential services, deposits, and possessions; order repair, rent reduction, compensation, or lawful termination and possession.\nSection 7: Organizational Violations\nWhere the violation results from organizational instructions, controlling leadership, or persistent noncompliance, the court may impose an activity-specific compliance plan or invoke the special administration and property orders in Articles 17 and 18. A single minor violation does not by itself justify an organizational takeover.\nSection 2: Court-Ordered Property Custody and State Takeover\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 17 immediately after Article 16, to read:\nArticle 17: Judicial Seizure, Special Administration, and Organizational Takeover\nSection 1: Grounds and Scope\nWhere a serious or repeated contravention is attributable to an organization and ordinary corrective measures cannot adequately stop continuing harm, secure lawful compensation, or protect affected persons, a competent court may place the offending operation under special judicial administration.\nThe court may intervene in an identified facility, program, organizational division, or the entire organization. Control of the whole organization requires a finding that the wrongdoing is directed by its leadership, substantially pervades its activities, or cannot effectively be isolated from lawful operations.\nSection 2: Custodial Seizure\nOn findings that identified property is being used to continue serious abuse, obstruct lawful proceedings, conceal evidence, or frustrate restitution, the court may order:\n(a) seizure, inventory, and preservation of specified premises, equipment, digital systems, goods, records, or currency;\n(b) transfer of custody to an identified competent state organ or judicial administrator;\n(c) restrictions on sale, withdrawal, damage, transfer, or disposal of the property;\n(d) maintenance and temporary use of the property for lawful safeguarding, essential operations, or restitution; and\n(e) return of property when continued custody is no longer justified.\nA custodial seizure does not transfer title. An account freeze, currency seizure, or forfeiture shall follow Title 1, Chapter 1, Article 4 and the applicable IBTE procedures. Lawful claims of third parties remain protected.\nSection 3: Appointment and Replacement of Leadership\nThe court may appoint a qualified independent administrator, a competent state organ acting through identified officers, or both, to assume the management powers stated in the order. The court may suspend or displace controlling managers responsible for the organization's continuing noncompliance and appoint temporary replacement leadership.\nThe administrator may:\n(a) assume control of the affected organization, premises, and operations;\n(b) direct personnel, access permissions, protective arrangements, necessary repairs, and essential services;\n(c) replace managers or restrict their decisions within the order's scope;\n(d) safeguard records, inventories, property, and organizational systems;\n(e) exercise approved account-management authority, pay lawful expenses, wages, and victim claims;\n(f) maintain or end contracts necessary for lawful operation, subject to court approval for material changes;\n(g) close an abusive service or continue a necessary service under corrected procedures; and\n(h) prepare and execute a court-approved compliance and transition plan.\nThe administrator exercises only the specified management powers, acts under judicial supervision, and does not become the beneficial owner of the property.\nSection 4: Complete State Administration\nWhere the conditions in Section 1 justify intervention across the whole organization, the court may temporarily vest its governing, financial, personnel, and operational powers in a competent state organ or its appointed administrators, notwithstanding contrary internal management rules. Existing owners and members retain title and residual legal interests unless a later final order lawfully alters them.\nAn officer removed from management shall not countermand the judicial administration. The order shall identify the exact powers assumed and preserve lawful essential operations.\nSection 5: Competent Authorities\nThe National Organizations Administration shall implement and record organizational status and representative changes in the Unified Register of Organizations. IBTE shall implement judicially authorized account custody and access according to the Civil Code. The National Gendarmerie and Police Administration may assist in enforcing lawful court orders.\nThe court shall choose a state organ with lawful competence to operate the affected service. Where no suitable organ exists, it may appoint a qualified independent administrator rather than assign unrelated powers to an existing Ministry.\nSection 6: Return of Control\nThe court shall establish achievable criteria for return of management, including cessation of abuse, restitution and safeguarding, lawful appointments, corrected procedures, and reliable assurance against recurrence. It shall restore control when compliance is verified, or appoint lawful replacement leadership if the former managers remain disqualified.\nSection 7: Permanent Closure, Transfer, and Dissolution\nFollowing a final judgment establishing grave, deliberate, or persistent unlawful organizational conduct, and a further finding that corrective orders and temporary administration cannot adequately prevent recurrence, the court may:\n(a) permanently prohibit the proven unlawful activity and close the relevant program;\n(b) permanently disqualify culpable persons from the particular leadership function used for wrongdoing;\n(c) order the dissolution and orderly winding up of an organization substantially operated for unlawful purposes;\n(d) transfer affected operations and necessary property to a competent state organ or qualified successor for lawful continuation; and\n(e) order forfeiture only of assets expressly forfeitable under the Civil Code.\nA final transfer of lawful nonforfeitable property into state ownership shall require a reasoned acquisition order, fair compensation for innocent ownership interests, and provision for lawful creditors. Unlawful gains or property separately forfeited may pass to the state without such compensation under existing law. Mere custody under this Article never alone extinguishes title.\nSection 8: Limits on Organizational Intervention\nBelief, doctrine, political opinion, criticism of government, or lawful advocacy shall not independently justify takeover, dissolution, or property seizure. For a religious or political organization providing a covered secular service, the court shall ordinarily target the unlawful operation rather than unrelated worship or lawful political activity.\nA court shall not dissolve or restructure a state organ exercising functions protected by superior law; it may grant corrective relief against unlawful conduct within its jurisdiction.\nSection 3: Oversight, Safeguards, and Review of State Administration\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 18 immediately after Article 17, to read:\nArticle 18: Judicial Procedures for Special Administration\nSection 1: Applications and Proof\nAn affected person, a lawful representative, or a competent public authority may seek an order under Articles 16 and 17. The applicant shall identify the acts alleged, property or organizational functions involved, evidence of continuing risk, and relief sought. A final civil order requires proof on the balance of probabilities. The organization and affected owners shall receive notice and a meaningful opportunity to be heard.\nSection 2: Emergency Orders\nWhere credible evidence establishes imminent serious harm, destruction of essential evidence, or diversion of property needed for restitution, the court may order immediate cessation, temporary custody, preservation, or limited special administration without advance notice where notice would defeat protection. The court shall provide an opportunity for a hearing within 72 hours. An emergency seizure or takeover shall expire after 7 days unless lawfully continued after hearing.\nSection 3: Required Findings\nBefore a final special-administration order the court shall state:\n(a) the contravention, material facts, and affected persons;\n(b) the harm and continuing risk;\n(c) why ordinary orders cannot adequately protect persons or restore compliance;\n(d) why narrower measures cannot effectively address the risk;\n(e) the property, functions, premises, and officers affected;\n(f) the identity and powers of the appointed administrator; and\n(g) its term, reporting duties, and conditions for ending the intervention.\nThe court shall distinguish an order preserving property, an order controlling its use, and any final order transferring title.\nSection 4: Duration and Extension\nA special-administration order may initially operate for not more than 90 days. The administrator shall report at least once every 30 days. After notice and a hearing, the court may renew the order in further periods not exceeding 90 days each, only upon a fresh finding of continuing necessity. It shall narrow or discharge the order when that necessity ends.\nSection 5: Asset Records and Lawful Claims\nProperty taken into custody shall be inventoried and separately accounted for. The appointed administrator shall record access, receipts, payments, transfers, and disposal. The court shall preserve sufficient lawful resources for immediate safety, necessary care, staff wages, preservation of property, and valid claims as circumstances permit. IBTE shall implement account measures through the applicable Currency Forfeiture Authorization process and the Civil Code.\nSection 6: Administrator Duties\nThe administrator shall act impartially, disclose conflicts of interest, protect confidential information, avoid self-dealing, and exercise reasonable care. The court may replace an administrator for misconduct, incapacity, or failure to perform and may order restitution for proved unlawful diversion of property.\nSection 7: Appeal, Review, and Transition\nThe organization, a person whose property is affected, or an authorized representative of persons receiving essential services may apply to narrow, vary, or terminate the order. A reviewing court may grant a proportionate stay, but an appeal does not automatically suspend an urgent safeguarding or evidence-preservation measure. A transition plan shall state how lawful management, residents, personnel, contracts, accounts, records, and essential services will continue after intervention.\nSection 8: Deliberate Noncompliance\nWhere a person or organization knowingly disobeys a judicial corrective order without reasonable excuse, the court may, following notice and hearing, order a coercive civil payment not exceeding 2,500 SL for each complete day of continued noncompliance, up to 100,000 SL in 1 proceeding. The payment shall cease when compliance occurs. The court may use another authorized corrective measure if it is more effective.\nImprisonment requires a separately authorized criminal offense or applicable contempt power, and only a natural person may be imprisoned. This Section shall not permit duplicate punitive recovery for the same act.\nSection 9: Public Bodies and Independent Functions\nOrders addressed to a state organ shall be executed by its legally competent authority, subject to the Constitution and applicable Imperial law. Special administration shall not extinguish an organ's statutory existence, redirect its sovereign functions, or replace constitutionally protected appointments without the competent legal authority.\nSection 4: Criminal Liability and Sentencing of Organizations\nTitle 7, Chapter 1 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 11 immediately after Article 10, Cumulative Liability, Distinct Conduct, and Restitution, and before Chapter 2, to read:\nArticle 11: Criminal Responsibility of Organizations\nSection 1: Attribution of Criminal Conduct\nAn organization may be criminally liable where its officers or agents commit an offense through its activities and the prosecution proves beyond a reasonable doubt the required culpable mental state attributable to:\n(a) a controlling officer acting within organizational authority;\n(b) a decision or direction of its governing leadership; or\n(c) a repeated unlawful practice knowingly authorized, ratified, or maintained by a person empowered to end it.\nAn unauthorized isolated act of an employee does not by itself establish organizational criminal liability. Conviction of a legal person requires that the registered form or applicable law recognizes the organization as a person capable of bearing the liability. Unincorporated activity remains subject to the individual responsibility of the persons conducting it.\nSection 2: Responsibility of Individuals\nAn owner, officer, director, member, supervisor, or employee shall be criminally liable only for their own proven conduct, culpability, participation, or accountability under this Chapter. Status or ownership alone shall not establish guilt. The organization's liability does not shield a culpable individual or require a separate conviction of a named individual.\nSection 3: Organizational Punishment\nA convicted organization may be fined within the maximum stated for the underlying offense and may be subject to restitution, lawful forfeiture, injunctions, connected restrictions, and judicial administration authorized under Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 16 to 18. An organization shall not receive a sentence of imprisonment. Imprisonment may be imposed only on a natural person separately convicted.\nSection 4: Civil Proceedings and Double Recovery\nCivil responsibility under Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 7 remains available without a criminal conviction. The prosecution shall not rely solely on a civil finding to prove an offense. Restitution, financial compensation, and forfeiture shall be coordinated with existing rules preventing duplicate recovery or punishment for the same harm.\nSection 5: Additional Judicial Orders for Each Criminal-Offense Category\nTitle 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 33 immediately after Article 32, as inserted by Chapter 8 of this Act, and before Chapter 9, to read:\nArticle 33: Offense-Specific Judicial Orders and Organizational Sanctions\nSection 1: Application and Limits\nFollowing conviction under Title 7, Chapter 8, Articles 25 to 32, or Title 7, Chapter 9, Articles 10 and 11, the court may impose the additional orders stated below alongside the relevant fine, imprisonment, and existing lawful sentence. Each order shall identify the offense, persons bound, necessity, scope, duration, and compliance obligations. Organizational takeover and transfer of assets remain subject to the independent requirements of Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 17 and 18.\nSection 2: Criminal Discrimination and Retaliation\nFor Article 25, the court may order:\n(a) restoration of wrongfully denied employment, housing, education, goods, or public services;\n(b) repayment of lost wages, fees, or other proven benefits;\n(c) correction of an organizational policy, discriminatory instruction, or unlawful practice;\n(d) independent review and verification of the affected service; and\n(e) disqualification of a culpable decision-maker from the connected hiring, admissions, housing, or supervisory function for not more than 365 days.\nSection 3: Domestic Abuse and Protective Orders\nFor Articles 26 and 27, the court may order:\n(a) restitution of coerced transfers, personal records, wages, or property;\n(b) protection, no-contact, and access restrictions within the limits of Article 27;\n(c) a suitable behavioral or educational program within the existing hours allowed by Article 26;\n(d) safeguards for dependants and safe collection of possessions; and\n(e) a restriction of an offender's connected financial, custodial, or supervisory authority where necessary and lawful.\nAn order shall not compel reconciliation or joint mediation with an abuser.\nSection 4: Abuse and Neglect of Persons with Disabilities\nFor Article 28, the court may order:\n(a) restoration or replacement of essential medication access, equipment, communication aids, support, and documents;\n(b) return of misappropriated financial assets and other lawful restitution;\n(c) the connected care, financial, or supervisory restrictions authorized by Article 28, Section 4;\n(d) alternative safe care and independent safeguarding review; and\n(e) corrective, custodial, or special-administration orders against an abusive institution under Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 17 and 18.\nSection 5: Forced Sterilization and Reproductive Abuse\nFor Article 29, the court may order:\n(a) immediate cessation of the unlawful reproductive practice;\n(b) preservation of consent documents, medical records, and evidence by lawful process;\n(c) restitution and the civil relief available to an affected patient;\n(d) disqualification of the culpable person from the connected procedure, medical practice, or supervisory responsibility for not more than 1,825 days;\n(e) independent correction and verification of an organization's clinical and consent procedures; and\n(f) judicial custody of identified instruments or premises, replacement of abusive leadership, closure, or special administration of the offending operation where Articles 17 and 18 permit.\nSection 6: Institutional Confinement, Medication, and Exploitation\nFor Article 30, the court may order:\n(a) immediate termination of unlawful detention, isolation, chemical restraint, or denial of counsel;\n(b) review of affected persons' confinement and lawful release where required;\n(c) restoration of access to assistance, communication, belongings, documents, and medical care;\n(d) an independent safeguarding inspection and compliance plan;\n(e) removal from or disqualification for connected institutional, custodial, medical, or financial functions for not more than 1,825 days; and\n(f) custody of relevant premises, equipment, records, or accounts, temporary state operation, court-appointed replacement management, or closure pursuant to Articles 17 and 18.\nSection 7: Coercive Therapeutic and Behavioral Programs\nFor Article 31, the court may order:\n(a) immediate cessation of a prohibited therapeutic program and release of unlawfully confined participants;\n(b) restitution of payments, restoration of records and belongings, and necessary safe transition of care;\n(c) disqualification of a culpable director or operator from the related service for not more than 1,825 days;\n(d) preservation of relevant materials and records; and\n(e) special administration, custodial seizure, closure, dissolution, or transfer of an abusive operation according to Articles 17 and 18.\nSection 8: Corporal Punishment and Child Protection\nFor Article 32, the court may order:\n(a) cessation of the prohibited punishment and measures protecting the child;\n(b) suitable parent or staff education not exceeding 24 hours;\n(c) disqualification from connected educational or child-supervisory duties for not more than 365 days;\n(d) a written school safeguarding and compliance plan; and\n(e) replacement of abusive educational management or special administration of a systematically abusive school or residential program where Articles 17 and 18 permit.\nRemoval of a child from parental custody or termination of parental authority requires a separate lawful safeguarding basis and shall not follow automatically from a conviction. The child's welfare and expressed views shall be considered.\nSection 9: Hate Harassment and Criminal Incitement\nFor offenses under Chapter 9, Articles 10 and 11, the court may order the targeted no-contact, restitution, educational, and removal remedies authorized there. Where an organization knowingly conducts an unlawful campaign satisfying the criminal requirements, it may also be subject to corrective compliance measures and special administration under Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 16 to 18 when their independent conditions are satisfied. Such an order shall not prohibit lawful advocacy, religious teaching, criticism, or protected expression.\nSection 10: Coordination\nCustody of property is not a transfer of title. A criminal conviction does not by itself authorize permanent forfeiture, takeover, or dissolution; the independent requirements of Articles 17 and 18 govern.\nChapter 11 - Designated Nudity Zones and Public Access\nSection 1: Designations and Minimum National Standards\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code, as amended by this Act, is amended by inserting Article 19 immediately after Article 18, to read:\nArticle 19: Lawful Nudity Zones\nSection 1: General Right and Application\nComplete or partial nonsexual nudity by a consenting person is lawful within an area designated under this Article. A person shall not be prosecuted for public indecency merely for ordinary nonsexual nudity within the stated boundaries and operating times. Harassment, sexual assault, coercion, photography in breach of privacy, and deliberate sexual conduct exposing nonconsenting persons remain subject to the applicable law.\nSection 2: Classes of Designation\nA competent authority may designate:\n(a) a Permanent Public Recreation Zone, including a beach, shoreline, park, or other suitable public recreation area;\n(b) a Temporary Event Zone, operating only for the dates and hours stated in its instrument;\n(c) a Managed Premises Zone, consisting of an enclosed or controlled-access facility designated for lawful clothing-optional use; or\n(d) a Limited Private Zone, consisting of private premises for which the lawful owner or occupier has consented and whose permitted access is defined.\nEvery designation shall identify its class, location or parcel, boundaries, permitted times, responsible operator, access arrangements, and conditions necessary to protect surrounding public areas.\nSection 3: Competent Approval and Delegation\nThe competent national authority, subnational government, or locality may make a designation for land within its lawful territorial and land-management jurisdiction. A subnational government or locality may adopt its designation through a local enactment or an individual designation order issued under express authority of this Article. A competent national Ministry may prescribe uniform implementation procedures by Policy Order within its lawful jurisdiction. An Administration may issue an Administration Order only if expressly authorized to do so by law and within the limits of that delegation.\nA designation on privately held land requires consent of the person lawfully entitled to control its use. A designation of protected, reserved, or specially administered public land also requires approval of the organ legally responsible for that land. The National Land Administration shall be notified of a designation affecting registered parcels or public land records, without creating a separate transfer of title.\nSection 4: No General Prohibition\nNo subnational government, locality, or subordinate state organ may enact or maintain a general prohibition on all designations under this Article. It may regulate location, capacity, operating hours, access, public safety, privacy, sanitation, and environmental conditions on reasonable and proportionate grounds. An application may be refused for identifiable site-specific reasons, but a refusal shall state those reasons and be open to lawful administrative or judicial review.\nSection 5: Boundary Signs and Visibility\nEvery public approach by which an ordinary visitor may enter a zone shall display an unobstructed, conspicuous warning before the boundary. The warning shall state, in legible lettering, “NUDITY PERMITTED BEYOND THIS POINT”, and shall identify the designated zone and whether it is temporary or permanent.\nEach warning sign shall use a bright yellow background of high visual contrast, approximately #F5FF00, with black lettering and an additional glowing visual treatment using glow squid ink or a functionally equivalent luminous material. The sign shall be effectively lit and visible under the ordinary conditions of use, including hours of darkness where entry remains permitted. A sign shall not be hidden by foliage, structures, doors, or commercial advertising.\nThe operator shall visibly mark the zone's perimeter, maintain the notices during its operating hours, and position ordinary access paths so a person can read the notice and choose not to enter. Where reasonably practicable, boundary screening, suitable orientation, or a transition area shall prevent inadvertent direct exposure from adjacent unrestricted public routes and occupied premises.\nSection 6: Access and Conduct\nEntry shall be voluntary. No person shall be compelled to undress or exposed to retaliation for choosing to remain clothed. The authority may designate a lawful adults-only event or premises where necessary for safeguarding, provided restrictions are stated in the designation; ordinary public recreation zones shall not be presumed adults-only solely because nudity is permitted.\nA private operator may adopt equally applied entry, photography, privacy, and behavioral rules within the designated premises.\nSection 7: Revocation and Oversight\nThe competent authority may suspend or revoke an individual designation for demonstrable material safety, privacy, environmental, or repeated compliance failures, giving written reasons and an opportunity for review. An urgent suspension necessary to prevent imminent serious harm shall receive prompt review. The authority shall not use revocation to establish a general local ban contrary to Section 4.\nSection 8: Remedies\nA court may declare an unlawful blanket prohibition invalid, order reconsideration of an arbitrary denial, and restrain an operator or public body from maintaining a zone without the required signs and boundaries.\nChapter 12 - Lawful Sex Work and Premises Standards\nSection 1: Legal Status, Consent, and Protection of Workers\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 20 immediately after Article 19, to read:\nArticle 20: Lawful Sex Work and Equal Legal Protection\nSection 1: Legality and Definitions\nVoluntary sex work, including prostitution, is lawful where every participant satisfies the law governing sexual consent and age of consent under Title 7, Chapter 8, Articles 18 and 21. Sex work means the consensual provision of sexual services in exchange for payment or other consideration. The terms sex worker, client, and operator describe conduct or functions, not a person's sex, gender, gender identity or expression, or sexual orientation. Every legally eligible person may provide or receive such services on equal terms. No worker, client, or lawful operator shall be punished merely for participating in an activity lawful under this Article.\nThis Article binds national, subnational, and local public authorities, law-enforcement officers, state institutions, and private organizations.\nSection 2: Human Dignity and Material Conditions\nLegal recognition protects workers against violence, criminalization, and exploitation without treating the economic sale of intimate labor as evidence that society has supplied equal opportunity. Public policy shall recognize that poverty, dependency, and insufficient alternatives can constrain meaningful choice. Voluntary access to other occupations and existing lawful public support shall be preserved and never conditioned on abandoning sex work.\nSection 3: Continuous Consent and Right to Refuse\nA worker may decline any client, service, act, or condition and withdraw consent at any time, notwithstanding prior payment or agreement. No contract may compel personal performance of a sexual act. A genuinely owed payment for a completed lawful service, an authorized refund, or another independent civil obligation may be adjudicated without compelling sexual performance.\nNo worker shall be required to surrender personal identification, earnings, housing access, communication equipment, or freedom of movement to an operator or client.\nSection 4: Freedom from Coercion\nA person shall not compel sex work through violence, threats, unlawful debt, confiscation of documents, abuse of authority, confinement, exploitation of dependency, or threats of immigration, registration, or police consequences. A person shall not procure or receive earnings from sex work performed contrary to the law governing age of consent, knowingly engage a person who cannot lawfully consent as a client, or operate premises involving such conduct. A person protected by the age-of-consent law shall not be criminally punished merely for being exploited.\nAn operator may receive an agreed and disclosed business fee for safe premises and ordinary services but shall not seize wages, impose punitive debts, or profit from coercion.\nSection 5: Workplace and Health Protections\nA worker shall have effective access to agreed pay, personal safety, privacy, reasonable sanitary conditions, complaint and emergency assistance, and lawful occupational protections. Operators shall make relevant health information and appropriate protective supplies available without imposing compulsory medical examinations, medical status publication, or intrusive surveillance.\nA client and operator shall comply with applicable law on consent, hygiene, violence, and infection prevention. An operator shall not advertise or guarantee that an employee is free of infection based on a medical examination.\nSection 6: Confidentiality and Non-discrimination\nA public authority or organization shall not disclose a person's status as a current or former sex worker without a specific lawful purpose. Employment, ordinary healthcare, housing, access to law enforcement, and existing benefits shall not be denied merely because of lawful adult sex work, except where a directly relevant and proportionate legal requirement applies.\nSection 7: No Forced Rehabilitation\nNo state organ, court, institution, employer, family member, or business operator may compel a person to undertake psychiatric detention, drug treatment, labor placement, counseling, or rehabilitation merely because the person engages or has engaged in lawful adult sex work. A genuinely voluntary program may be offered without threat, penalty, or loss of unrelated entitlements.\nSection 8: Civil Remedies\nA worker may seek enforcement of lawful pay and property rights, cessation of coercion or retaliation, confidential access to protection, and the remedies in Articles 7 and 16. The court may restrict or close an abusive operation, suspend culpable leadership, or order special administration under Articles 17 and 18 when their independent requirements are met.\nSection 2: Premises, Land Use, Construction, and Operating Requirements\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 21 immediately after Article 20, to read:\nArticle 21: Commercial Sex-Work Premises, Land Use, and Safety\nSection 1: Classes and Registration\nA commercial sex-work premises is a building or other enclosed establishment systematically offered for lawful adult sexual services. Its permissible forms include:\n(a) an Independently Operated Premises used by one or more self-directed workers without an outside operator;\n(b) a Managed Commercial Premises operated by a registered business or organization;\n(c) a Small Shared Premises where adult workers share facilities and overhead without surrendering control of their services; and\n(d) a Temporary Event Premises authorized for specific dates and hours.\nAn enterprise with separate legal registration shall comply with the National Organizations Administration's existing registration requirements. Individual sex workers shall not be placed on a public sex-worker register solely for performing lawful services.\nSection 2: Local Siting and Zoning\nA competent subnational government or locality may designate sites or suitable districts for commercial premises through local land-use legislation or a written siting determination made under this Article. The decision shall consider separation from facilities principally used by children, access from public routes, the character and capacity of the parcel, neighboring residential privacy, fire and public safety, and the adequacy of the premises.\nA commercial premises with public customer entry shall not share a principal public entrance with a school or a facility primarily providing care to children. A local authority may impose a greater site-specific separation only where objectively necessary and proportionate.\nA locality shall not prohibit all lawful adult sex-work premises or impose requirements so unreasonable that no viable location remains available without a genuine land-use or safety justification. Written refusals shall explain the objective defect and shall be subject to judicial review.\nSection 3: Approval Instruments\nA premises may operate upon written approval of the competent local or subnational land-use authority, or the national land authority where national law assigns that jurisdiction, following verification of Section 4. The decision shall identify the parcel, authorized premises class, operator, lawful occupancy, and conditions.\nThe Ministry of Interior may prescribe uniform approval and inspection procedures by Policy Order under this express delegation. A competent Administration may issue an Administration Order only under an express lawful delegation. Such instruments may prescribe safety procedures but shall not create a new offense, impose arbitrary additional taxes, or reverse the legality established in Article 20.\nSection 4: Minimum Building and Room Standards\nEvery commercial premises shall provide:\n(a) a separately enclosed service room with a minimum unobstructed internal floor area of 4 metres by 4 metres and clear internal height of not less than 3 metres;\n(b) a solid or otherwise visually private perimeter, a functional entrance, and a door capable of immediate release from the inside without an operator's permission;\n(c) a safe unobstructed passage to an exit, with common corridors at least 2 metres in clear width;\n(d) adequate permanent lighting in occupied rooms and access routes, with a means of emergency illumination where reasonably needed;\n(e) safe materials, stable floors, protection against foreseeable falls, and separation from hazardous machinery, open flames, or unprotected electrical equipment;\n(f) access to a usable toilet, hand-cleaning facilities, fresh drinking water, and means of cleaning the room and its furnishing;\n(g) a private location for personal effects and an accessible means of contacting emergency assistance without interference by management; and\n(h) reasonable sound and visual privacy against unintended exposure to persons outside the premises.\nAn establishment with more than 4 service rooms shall provide at least 2 independently usable routes for emergency exit unless the competent construction authority certifies an equally protective arrangement. Each facility shall maintain a reasonable occupant limit and a written plan for safe evacuation.\nSection 5: Hygiene and Protection\nOperators shall provide cleanable surfaces, hygienic bedding or equivalent coverings, fresh replacements between clients where applicable, routine cleaning, secure waste handling, and suitable infection-prevention materials. Bathrooms and hand-cleaning facilities shall remain usable throughout operating hours. Doors shall not be locked against a worker or client who wishes to leave.\nSection 6: Premises Inspection\nThe authority issuing premises approval may inspect the structural, sanitation, access, and public-safety requirements stated in this Article after reasonable notice. An immediate inspection without notice requires a defined urgent danger or separately lawful authority. Entry into private living quarters or other constitutionally protected premises requires consent or lawful judicial process.\nInspectors shall not require sexual services, compel a sexual health examination, create a public list of workers, or disclose private client or worker details without a lawful necessity.\nSection 7: Corrective Directions\nAn unsafe premises may receive a reasoned correction notice, proportionate operating restriction, or temporary closure of an affected room or facility. An urgent closure shall be subject to prompt review. A court may require repairs, preserve worker earnings and belongings, and invoke Articles 16 to 18 for sustained serious organizational abuse.\nSection 8: Independent and Home-Based Activity\nAn adult working independently in a lawful private dwelling or another private place shall not be required to create an enterprise, operate a multiroom establishment, or obtain a commercial premises certificate solely by reason of that work. Generally applicable safety, tenancy, land use, nuisance, and public-order rules continue to apply.\nChapter 13 - Institutional Integrity and Protection of Families\nSection 1: Prohibited Practices in Custody, Care, and Public Services\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 22 immediately after Article 21, to read:\nArticle 22: Protection Against Coercive Institutional Practices\nSection 1: Persons Bound\nThis Article binds every national, subnational, and local state organ, public or private hospital, psychiatric service, rehabilitation facility, correctional institution, shelter, school, social service, healthcare provider, organization, and person exercising custody, professional authority, or control over access to a necessary service.\nSection 2: Forced Rehabilitation\nNo person shall be confined, abducted, threatened, or compelled to participate in a labor, behavioral, psychiatric, sexual, or substance-use rehabilitation program as punishment for lawful conduct or merely on the basis of addiction, poverty, homelessness, disability, or engagement in lawful sex work. Compulsory drug rehabilitation camps and programs using forced labor, isolation, or deprivation to secure compliance are prohibited.\nA voluntary program remains lawful. Emergency treatment of an immediate serious medical danger may occur only under existing lawful medical authority, on individualized grounds, for no longer than necessary, and shall not be used as a substitute for court-authorized confinement.\nSection 3: Psychiatric Admission Quotas\nA public or private institution shall not establish, reward, impose, or meet numerical admission, detention, medication, or occupancy quotas requiring or encouraging the unnecessary psychiatric confinement of any person. Administrative capacity planning based on genuine patient needs is permitted but shall not govern an individual decision to admit, detain, medicate, or discharge a patient.\nSection 4: Abandonment of Patients\nA hospital or care institution shall not knowingly discharge, transfer, leave, or refuse essential handover arrangements for a person under its care where the institution has a current duty to provide care and doing so exposes the person to an imminent substantial risk of serious harm that the institution can reasonably prevent.\nAn informed patient's lawful decision to leave, necessary emergency transfer, appropriate discharge, and unavoidable resource shortfall despite reasonable efforts are not prohibited by this Section. Institutions shall make reasonable arrangements for necessary records, medication instructions, assistance, and continuity of care when discharging a dependent person.\nSection 5: Restraint During Childbirth\nA pregnant or postpartum patient shall not be shackled or subjected to mechanical restraints during active labor, delivery, or immediate recovery as a routine condition of custody, punishment, disciplinary control, or administrative convenience. Exceptionally, where an individualized and immediate serious threat of violence cannot be prevented by a less restrictive measure, a medically compatible temporary measure may be used only as necessary and shall be promptly removed and independently reviewed. Restraints shall not obstruct delivery, breathing, circulation, or emergency treatment.\nSection 6: Sign Language and Communication\nNo authority, employer, healthcare provider, educational institution, or other covered organization shall prohibit or punish an individual's use of sign language or another lawful communication aid merely because of its form, social stigma, or administrative preference. Reasonable measures necessary for an immediate safety or security need may regulate a particular setting only where an equally effective means of communication is maintained.\nAn affected person shall have access to reasonable communication accommodations in essential healthcare, judicial, custodial, educational, and public services according to Article 5.\nSection 7: Sanitation and Basic Necessities\nNo person with custodial, caregiving, employment, or institutional authority shall withhold access to a functional toilet, basic washing, safe drinking water, essential sanitary materials, or necessary hygiene facilities to punish, humiliate, intimidate, control, or compel a person. Brief restrictions genuinely necessary to prevent an immediate danger shall preserve a safe and effective alternative.\nSection 8: Isolation of Abuse Victims\nA person reporting or experiencing abuse shall not be forcibly secluded, detained, isolated from independent support, prevented from leaving a voluntary shelter, or deprived of communication merely to avoid investigation, public complaint, or embarrassment to an organization. A protective shelter or confidential location may be offered on a voluntary basis, without surrendering the person's ordinary legal rights.\nAny restraint independently authorized by law to address immediate danger shall remain subject to necessity, proportionality, independent review, and access to legal advice.\nSection 9: Remedies Against Authorities and Organizations\nA person affected by this Article may seek immediate cessation, lawful release, restoration of care or sanitation, protection from retaliation, compensation, and other relief under Articles 7 and 16. Where an organization's operation poses continuing serious risk, the court may order inspection, replacement of culpable managers, custodial seizure, or special administration under Articles 17 and 18. A public authority remains bound by these duties and shall comply through its legally competent officers.\nSection 2: Family Poverty and Conditional Educational Protection\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 23 immediately after Article 22, to read:\nArticle 23: Family Integrity and Educational Participation\nSection 1: No Removal for Poverty Alone\nA public authority, court, agency, residential institution, or other person exercising legal child-protection functions shall not remove a child from parental custody, terminate parental rights, place the child in compulsory institutional care, or refuse family reunification solely because a parent or household is poor, unemployed, unhoused, indebted, receiving lawful benefits, or unable to provide an otherwise preferred standard of material comfort.\nPoverty and financial need do not by themselves establish abuse, parental unfitness, neglect, or immediate danger. A finding of neglect shall address the child's actual safety, parental conduct, resources reasonably available, and whether essential assistance could adequately protect the child.\nSection 2: Safeguarding and Support\nWhere the child's circumstances raise a genuine risk, the competent authority shall consider reasonable available material or social support and less intrusive protection before separation, unless immediate serious danger requires urgent action. A protective measure shall be no broader or longer than necessary. The child's views shall be considered under Article 12.\nThis Article does not prevent action based on independently established violence, exploitation, abandonment, or a substantial and immediate risk of serious harm. Economic disadvantage may be relevant evidence of need but not an independent legal ground for removal.\nSection 3: Pregnancy and Educational Access\nWhen and only when a nationwide education program established by Act of Parliament has commenced, a pupil or student otherwise eligible for that program shall not be excluded, denied instruction, prevented from sitting assessments, or unfairly penalized because of pregnancy, childbirth, recovery from childbirth, or breastfeeding.\nAn educational institution shall make reasonable, individually appropriate arrangements for medically necessary absence, continuation of studies, assessment, privacy, and safe participation. A necessary and proportionate medical or safety accommodation shall not be treated as exclusion.\nSection 4: Civil Relief and Responsibility\nThe duties in this Article bind public authorities, courts acting in welfare proceedings, public and private institutions, and persons exercising child-protection authority. A competent court may order reversal of an unsupported removal, lawful reassessment, restoration of contact, available support, independent representation, or other necessary relief under Articles 7 and 16. No remedy shall require return to a setting in which a separately proved immediate serious danger remains.\nChapter 14 - Criminal Protections and Consequential Amendments\nSection 1: Coercion and Exploitation in Sex Work\nTitle 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 34 immediately after Article 33, as inserted by Chapter 10 of this Act, to read:\nArticle 34: Coercive Sex-Work Practices and Exploitation\nSection 1: Coercion and Deprivation\nA person commits an offense where the person knowingly uses violence, threats, confinement, substantial deception, unlawful debt, confiscation of documents or essential property, or abuse of authority or material dependency to compel another person to provide commercial sexual services, remain in an establishment, surrender earnings, or continue after withdrawing consent.\nAn offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 250,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 180 days.\nSection 2: Exploitation in Violation of the Age-of-Consent Law\nA person commits an offense by knowingly obtaining sexual services from, procuring, recruiting, providing premises for, managing, or receiving revenue from commercial sexual services involving conduct prohibited by the law governing age of consent. A person protected by that law shall not be criminally liable merely for having been used in such activity. A person who consciously disregards a substantial and obvious risk that the conduct violates the age-of-consent law shall be treated as knowing that circumstance for this Section.\nAn offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 365 days.\nSection 3: Withholding Earnings or Documents\nAn operator who knowingly appropriates or withholds a sex worker's earned pay, identification documents, or essential personal belongings, and refuses restoration after a lawful demand, commits an offense where the withholding materially restrains the person's freedom or financial independence.\nAn offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.\nSection 4: Dangerous Premises and Defiance of Orders\nAn operator commits an offense where, after receiving an enforceable final corrective or closure order under Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 21, the operator knowingly continues the prohibited activity and thereby exposes workers or others to a substantial and foreseeable risk of serious bodily injury.\nAn offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.\nAn ordinary correctable building defect without the mental state, prior order, and serious risk required by this Section is a civil or administrative matter rather than a criminal offense.\nSection 5: Aggravated Coercion\nWhere an offense under Section 1 causes serious bodily injury, involves repeated grave exploitation of multiple persons, or includes prolonged unlawful confinement, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 365 days.\nSection 6: Judicial Orders and Liability\nThe court may order restitution of earnings, return of documents, compensation through lawful proceedings, release from unlawful confinement, protection of victims, disqualification of culpable operators for not more than 1,825 days, and seizure or special administration under Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 17 and 18 where their independent conditions are met.\nOrganizational criminal liability is governed by Chapter 1, Article 11.\nSection 2: Institutional Coercion and Safeguarding Offenses\nTitle 7, Chapter 8 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 35 immediately after Article 34, to read:\nArticle 35: Institutional Coercion, Patient Abandonment, and Deprivation\nSection 1: Coercive Rehabilitation and Isolation\nA person commits an offense where the person intentionally confines, transfers, or prevents another person from leaving a compulsory rehabilitation or labor program without lawful authority, or uses force, threats, or unlawful deprivation to compel participation in an ostensibly therapeutic or corrective program.\nA person also commits an offense by knowingly confining or isolating a person reporting or experiencing abuse for the purpose of silencing the person, preventing independent assistance, or concealing wrongdoing, without an independent lawful basis for the confinement.\nAn offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 250,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 180 days.\nSection 2: Psychiatric Admission Quotas and Wrongful Detention\nA controlling officer or institution manager commits an offense by knowingly ordering, rewarding, or maintaining an admission or detention quota and thereby intentionally causing or continuing psychiatric confinement of a person who does not satisfy the governing legal conditions for that confinement.\nAn offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 150,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 90 days.\nSection 3: Abandonment of Dependent Patients\nA person entrusted with an active institutional duty of care commits an offense by knowingly abandoning, dumping, or arranging a discharge or transfer of a dependent patient without necessary and reasonably available handover or safeguarding arrangements, consciously disregarding a substantial risk of serious injury or death.\nAn offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.\nSection 4: Unlawful Restraint During Childbirth\nA person commits an offense by knowingly applying or directing shackles or mechanical restraints to a person during active labor, delivery, or immediate medical recovery for a custodial, punitive, or administrative purpose other than an immediate serious threat of violence that cannot be prevented by a less restrictive measure. A temporary measure within the narrow exception in Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 22, Section 5 is excluded.\nAn offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.\nSection 5: Punitive Sanitation or Communication Deprivation\nA person entrusted with custody, care, or essential-service authority commits an offense by knowingly withholding necessary toilet access, safe drinking water, washing facilities, or essential hygiene as punishment or coercion and thereby causing serious harm or a substantial and foreseeable risk of serious harm.\nA person exercising similar authority commits an offense by knowingly suppressing an individual's use of sign language or an essential communication aid for the purpose of coercion or discrimination and thereby materially obstructing access to necessary healthcare, legal representation, emergency assistance, or an essential public service, without an effective alternative.\nAn offense under this Section is punishable by either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 100,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 60 days.\nSection 6: Aggravated Offenses\nWhere an offense under this Article causes serious permanent injury, involves prolonged unlawful confinement, or forms part of a repeated organized practice involving multiple victims, the court may instead impose either or both of the following:\n(a) a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL;\n(b) imprisonment not exceeding 365 days.\nSection 7: Judicial Orders and State Responsibility\nFollowing conviction, the court may order release from unlawful confinement, safe transfer of care, restoration of sanitation or communication, repayment of misappropriated funds, preservation of evidence, safeguarding inspections, restitution, and disqualification of culpable persons from related custodial, medical, or supervisory functions for not more than 1,825 days.\nFor grave institutional wrongdoing the court may order custodial seizure, replacement of leadership, closure, or special administration under Title 1, Chapter 7, Articles 17 and 18. Criminal organizational liability is governed by Chapter 1, Article 11. A public official acting under color of government authority remains personally answerable for proved misconduct; discipline or removal from a protected office follows its applicable constitutional procedure.\nSection 8: Relationship with Existing Offenses\nNecessary individualized emergency treatment, lawful psychiatric confinement, voluntary rehabilitation, appropriate discharge, and genuine short-term security measures do not constitute an offense under this Article without proof of its required elements.\nSection 3: Public Indecency and Lawful Nudity\nTitle 7, Chapter 9, Article 7, Section 2 of the Civil Code is amended by adding the following paragraph at its end:\nNonsexual nudity within a zone lawfully designated under Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 19 is not public indecency merely because the person is unclothed.\nSection 4: Application to Government, Organizations, and Existing Law\nThe rights, duties, and remedies created by this Act bind national, subnational, and local state organs, and public and private organizations within their stated scope. A subordinate rule may restrict conduct made lawful by this Act only under an express and applicable legal authorization.\nNo new offense created by this Act shall apply to conduct occurring before its commencement.\nChapter 15 - Homelessness, Housing Status, and Equal Public Participation\nSection 1: Protection Against Housing-Status Discrimination\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code, as proposed by this Act, is amended by inserting Article 24 immediately after Article 23, to read:\nArticle 24: Protection Against Housing-Status Discrimination\nSection 1: Meaning and Coverage\nHomelessness means lacking a fixed, regular, secure, and adequate home, including persons sleeping outdoors, staying in temporary shelter, or otherwise lacking a stable residence. Housing insecurity includes imminent loss of housing, insecure temporary accommodation, or unfit accommodation without a stable alternative.\nThis Article protects persons currently, formerly, or perceived to be homeless or housing insecure. No person shall be presumed to have a disability, addiction, criminal history, inadequate character, or inability to work solely because of housing status.\nSection 2: Equal Treatment by Public and Private Bodies\nNo national, subnational, or local state organ, public contractor, landlord, employer, business, or organization providing an activity covered by Article 1, Section 3 shall deny or materially restrict a lawful opportunity because of a person's housing status. Protected activities include jobs, rental applications, training, commerce, healthcare, education, financial services, transport, public benefits, and public facilities.\nSection 3: Shops and Private Premises Open to the Public\nA shop, restaurant, market, or other business open to the public shall not refuse entry or service, impose an unequal price, or expel a person solely for homelessness, poverty-associated appearance, lack of a permanent address, or an unsupported assumption of dangerousness.\nA business may enforce genuine, proportionate, and consistently applied rules on conduct, hygiene, safety, capacity, payment, and protection of property. This Section does not require an owner to permit sleeping in a shop or entry into genuinely private or restricted premises.\nSection 4: Housing and Employment Applications\nA landlord, employer, or public registration authority shall not automatically reject a person solely for lacking a fixed mailing address, ordinary tenancy history, or documents unobtainable because of housing instability. Where verification is materially necessary, reasonable alternatives shall be considered, including a reliable correspondence contact, lawful identity record, or other suitable evidence.\nOrdinary financial, suitability, safety, and occupancy criteria remain lawful where objectively justified and proportionate. Rules designed in effect to exclude unhoused applicants without adequate justification are prohibited.\nSection 5: Lawful Presence and Survival Activities\nHomelessness itself is not an offense. A person shall not be arrested, fined, expelled from an otherwise lawfully accessible public place, or denied ordinary public movement merely for being without housing, carrying possessions, seeking assistance, sitting, resting, or sleeping without other unlawful conduct.\nThe competent authority may enforce necessary and proportionate rules protecting emergency passage, public access, environmental safety, health, and property. This Article does not authorize trespass, obstruction, dangerous encampments, unlawful construction, or occupation of private land. Conduct-based requirements shall be applied consistently and not used as a disguised blanket prohibition based on housing status. A general rule prohibiting ordinary sitting, resting, or sleeping throughout otherwise accessible public places, without a concrete, necessary, and proportionate justification concerning actual safety, access, or environmental harm, shall be unenforceable notwithstanding its facially neutral wording.\nSection 6: Public-Site Clearances and Belongings\nAn ordinary nonemergency clearance of an inhabited public site shall be based on identified legal authority and, where practicable, preceded by at least 48 hours' accessible notice, an opportunity to collect possessions, and information about reasonably available alternatives. Imminent serious danger may justify immediate action, with reasons recorded.\nA person's possessions shall not be treated as abandoned solely because the person is homeless. Nonhazardous belongings lawfully removed shall be inventoried and, where practicable, available for recovery for at least 14 days. Hazardous, perishable, or unlawful items remain subject to otherwise applicable law.\nSection 7: Public Facilities and Assistance\nA public restroom, library, park, transit facility, or other ordinary public service shall not exclude a person solely on the basis of housing status. Ordinary access and safety rules remain applicable. Voluntary shelter, lawful benefits, and emergency assistance shall not be conditioned on coerced psychiatric treatment, religious observance, or a declaration of personal fault unless a specific and lawful eligibility rule independently requires relevant conduct.\nSection 8: Remedies\nArticles 7 and 16 govern civil complaints and relief, including restoration of access, corrective directions, return of belongings, proven compensation, and judicial review. Organizational responsibility and special administration remain governed by Articles 7, 17, and 18. Deliberate denial or retaliation may be prosecuted under Title 7, Chapter 8, Article 25 only where every required criminal element is proved.\nSection 2: Statistical Housing Classifications\nTitle 1, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 25 immediately after Article 24, to read:\nArticle 25: Homelessness and Housing-Exclusion Statistics\nSection 1: Statistical Purpose\nHousing-status classifications shall describe actual living circumstances for public statistics, planning, and evaluation. They are not tiers of dignity, personal worth, employability, health, dangerousness, or legal entitlement. Homeless persons may be employed, financially solvent, studying, living temporarily with others, or otherwise maintaining ordinary personal and professional lives.\nSection 2: Primary Classification\nFor a stated reporting date, the competent statistical authority shall assign a person or household the most applicable primary category according to the actual sleeping arrangement and whether stable housing is available:\n(a) Class A, Unsheltered: outdoors, in a vehicle, or in a place not ordinarily intended or fit for habitation, without a stable alternative home;\n(b) Class B, Emergency Shelter: emergency accommodation, overnight shelters, or temporary refuge without stable housing;\n(c) Class C, Transitional Housing: a time-limited housing or supported residential program without permanent accommodation;\n(d) Class D, Temporarily Sharing: staying with family, friends, or others because no secure independent residence is available, without a stable right to remain;\n(e) Class E, Temporary Lodging: short-term paid or sponsored accommodation without a continuing secure residence;\n(f) Class F, Institutional Exit: remaining in an institution pending discharge or release where no secure destination has been identified;\n(g) Class G, Insecure or Inadequate Housing: a dwelling subject to serious insecure tenure, impending displacement, severe overcrowding, or material unfitness, without a stable alternative; or\n(h) Class H, Imminent Risk: presently in otherwise adequate housing but credibly facing its near-term loss without an identified secure alternative.\nClasses A to F describe homelessness or temporary accommodation. Classes G and H describe housing exclusion or imminent risk; they shall be reported separately from the count of currently homeless persons. Where more than one condition applies, the current sleeping arrangement identifies the primary category and other material circumstances may be recorded as secondary attributes.\nSection 3: Supplemental Measures\nFor statistical purposes, the authority may also record the duration of the present housing spell in completed days, the number of separate spells in the previous 12 months, household size, dependent children, movement into stable accommodation, and voluntarily disclosed material causes of displacement. Descriptions such as short-term, recurring, or prolonged homelessness shall be derived from time and recurrence, never from assumptions about character or diagnosis.\nSection 4: Administration and Standards\nThe Ministry of Interior shall coordinate national housing-status statistics, with assistance from existing competent state organs, subnational governments, and localities. A lawful delegation may assign technical compilation to an existing Administration, without conferring independent police powers or overriding a superior allocation of functions.\nA published statistical method shall disclose the reference date, definitions, sources, missing-response treatment, double-counting controls, and compatible subnational aggregation rules.\nSection 5: Privacy and Non-Compulsion\nA person shall not be forced to register as homeless, disclose a medical diagnosis or intimate conduct, undergo a drug test, or provide a permanent address merely to exercise the rights in Article 24 or be counted in statistics. Named information may be handled only for a lawful and specific purpose, with access restrictions and a reasonable retention period. Public statistical results shall ordinarily be aggregated, and small identifiable groups shall be suppressed or combined.\nSection 6: Protection from Misuse\nA statistical class shall not itself justify an arrest, compulsory medical treatment, employment refusal, denial of a public facility, separation of a family, or a lower legal status. Individual eligibility for housing assistance and other programs shall rest on the relevant lawful program criteria and actual circumstances rather than a moral or criminal presumption attached to a class.\nSection 7: Remedies\nA materially affected person may seek correction of inaccurate data, cessation of unlawful disclosure or discriminatory use, and remedies under Articles 7 and 16. A statistical classification is not conclusive proof of personal legal status.\nChapter 16 - Imperial Household Administration and Concubine Appointments\nSection 1: Establishment and Recognition of Appointments\nTitle 2 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Chapter 33, Imperial Household Administration, immediately after Chapter 32, Imperial Family and Heir Apparent, and before Title 3, to begin as follows:\nChapter 33 - Imperial Household Administration\nArticle 1: Establishment and Government\nSection 1: Establishment\nThere is established the Imperial Household Administration, a special Administration attached directly to the reigning Monarch for the management of the Emperor's household establishment, its authorized personnel, official appointments, premises, administrative records, and lawful expenditure. It is not a Ministry and shall not exercise general executive, police, electoral, or fiscal regulatory authority.\nSection 2: Direct Imperial Supervision\nThe Administration shall report directly to the reigning Emperor. Its establishment by this Chapter constitutes a special statutory arrangement under Title 2, Chapter 4, Article 5. The ordinary requirement for recommendation and oversight by a parent Minister shall not apply.\nSection 3: Leadership and Direct Reporting\nThe Imperial Household Administration shall retain the following leadership and reporting structure:\n(a) The Lord Chamberlain of the Household shall serve as Administrator of the Imperial Household Administration and, under the Emperor, shall be responsible for its general direction, staffing, appointments, facilities, and lawful budget execution.\n(b) The Lord Steward of the Household shall serve as Deputy Administrator under the Lord Chamberlain. The Lord Steward shall direct ordinary household operations, property maintenance, supplies, and support services, and shall act as successor where applicable under general administrative law.\n(c) The Emperor shall appoint and may remove the Lord Chamberlain and Lord Steward. These traditional titles shall be open to qualified persons of any sex or gender. They shall not create duplicate positions titled Administrator or Deputy Administrator or confer membership of the Imperial Family.\nSection 4: Secretarial Offices and Reporting Hierarchy\nThe existing offices of Emperor's Secretary and Private Secretary to the Sovereign shall continue as distinct positions with the following reporting relationships and duties:\n(a) The Emperor's Secretary shall report directly to the Emperor on official government and affairs-of-state business, outside the command of the Lord Chamberlain and the Imperial Household Administration. The Emperor's Secretary shall manage official Imperial correspondence, governmental audiences and scheduling, communications with Parliament, the Chancellor, the Privy Council, courts, and state organs, and the preparation, transmission, and orderly recording of state instruments. The office shall not independently exercise powers reserved to the Emperor or another state organ.\n(b) The Private Secretary to the Sovereign shall receive the Emperor's direct instructions on personal affairs and shall be subject to the Lord Chamberlain's general administrative direction for household matters. The Private Secretary shall manage private correspondence, personal appointments, family and household arrangements, private audiences, domestic hospitality, and confidential personal matters; coordinate with the Lord Chamberlain and Lord Steward; and supervise the Office of Household Appointments.\n(c) The Office of Household Appointments shall be an internal unit supervised by the Private Secretary to the Sovereign under the Lord Chamberlain's general administrative direction. It shall not constitute a separate Ministry or Administration.\n(d) The Emperor's Secretary and Private Secretary to the Sovereign may coordinate where official and personal matters intersect, but shall preserve their separate reporting relationships, confidentiality, records, and lawful financial authority.\nSection 5: Legal and Financial Status\nThe Administration may manage only the personnel, property, records, accounts, and appropriations lawfully assigned to it. No creation of an Administration by this Chapter independently appropriates public money or transfers ownership of the Emperor's personal property. Personal expenditure shall remain distinct from public household administration.\nArticle 2: Concubines and Household Appointments\nSection 1: Official Title\nA Concubine is an adult who freely accepts an appointment by the reigning Monarch to a recognized personal position within the Imperial Household. The official title is \"Concubine\" and is open to adults of any sex or gender. An appointment may designate the reigning Monarch, the Monarch's lawful spouse, or one or more recognized adult members of the Imperial Family as household principals, individually or together. An appointment does not independently authorize sexual conduct contrary to the law governing age of consent.\nSection 2: Appointment and Consent\nThe Emperor may issue an appointment through an authenticated written instrument identifying the holder, any named household principal, its commencement, any separately described non-intimate household duties, and any lawful remuneration or allowance. The Emperor's lawful spouse or another recognized adult member of the Imperial Family may nominate an adult for appointment, but the appointment is not valid without the Emperor's authorization and the free, informed written acceptance of the proposed holder. Each named principal shall separately accept the designation. Adding a principal later shall require the holder's fresh written agreement and an authenticated amendment.\nNo person may be forcibly recruited, confined, pressured through official authority, or subjected to loss of unrelated employment, housing, benefits, or civil rights for refusing or ending an appointment.\nSection 3: Distinction from Marriage and State Office\nAppointment as Concubine does not itself constitute a marriage, civil union, consort title, succession entitlement, membership of the Imperial Family, or a public governing office. Such status requires its own lawful instrument.\nSection 4: End of Appointment\nA Concubine may resign the appointment by notifying the Emperor or the Office of Household Appointments. The holder may also withdraw from a personal association with any one named principal without needing to end a separate voluntary association with another. A principal may withdraw from their own designation; the Emperor may terminate the formal appointment by written notice. Earned pay, lawful housing arrangements, personal property, and existing claims remain governed by ordinary law; resignation or refusal shall not justify punishment or confiscation.\nSection 2: Distinct Household Relationships and Marriage\nTitle 2, Chapter 33 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 3 immediately after Article 2, to read:\nArticle 3: Concubines, Private Relations, and Marriage\nSection 1: Distinct Legal Status\nA Concubine appointment is a recognized Imperial Household status, not by itself an agreement for the purchase or sale of sexual services. A lawful household allowance, private gift, or remuneration for separately described non-intimate duties does not alone constitute commercial sex work. An independent commercial arrangement remains governed by its applicable general law.\nSection 2: Personal Autonomy\nA Concubine may freely enter, continue, or end separate voluntary personal relationships with the reigning Monarch, the Monarch's lawful spouse, or any recognized adult member of the Imperial Family specifically designated under Article 2, subject to Section 4 and the law governing sexual consent. Each person involved must independently consent to their own participation, including in any shared relationship or encounter, and may withdraw consent at any time. Consent by one principal shall never substitute for consent by another or by the Concubine. No appointment grants an automatic intimate entitlement, exclusivity, or right to transfer a person to another principal. No official or contract may require intimate acts as a duty or penalize refusal by withholding earned pay, housing rights, or property.\nSection 3: An Existing Imperial Marriage\nAn appointment or voluntary personal relationship shall not be prohibited solely because the reigning Monarch, the Monarch's lawful spouse, or another participating Imperial Family member is married, provided the applicable requirements of Section 4 and the general law governing sexual consent are satisfied. No such appointment shall dissolve, displace, or automatically modify any marriage, the constitutional standing of an Imperial Consort, or a spouse's separate lawful rights.\nThe Imperial Household Administration shall advise restraint regarding appointments and personal relationships involving a married principal, recognizing marital trust, existing family obligations, privacy, and the dignity of all persons concerned. The advice shall apply whether the married participant is the Emperor, the Emperor's spouse, or another eligible Imperial Family member. This advice has no binding effect.\nSection 4: Imperial Authorization for Relations with the Monarch's Spouse\nA Concubine or any other person shall not engage in sexual conduct with the reigning Monarch's lawful spouse without the reigning Monarch's express prior authorization, given orally or in writing. An appointment as Concubine, designation of the spouse as a household principal, or the spouse's own consent shall not alone constitute that authorization.\nAuthorization may concern a specified encounter or a continuing relationship and may be withdrawn prospectively. A person who knows that authorization has not been granted or has been withdrawn is subject to Title 7, Chapter 7, Article 2, Section 2, paragraph (g).\nNo authorization shall substitute for the independent consent of every participant, remove the right to withdraw that consent, or permit conduct contrary to the law governing age of consent.\nThis Section applies equally whether the reigning Monarch is an Emperor or Empress and regardless of the sex or gender of the lawful spouse or other person.\nSection 3: Financial Arrangements and Remuneration\nTitle 2, Chapter 33 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 4 immediately after Article 3, to read:\nArticle 4: Household Funds, Personal Allowances, and Employment\nSection 1: Distinct Sources of Payment\nAn instrument of appointment may provide personal allowances, housing, gifts, expense reimbursements, or remuneration for stated non-intimate household duties. It shall identify the principal responsible for any voluntary personal allowance and distinguish personal arrangements from authorized public household employment. The Administration shall distinguish:\n(a) the lawful personal funds of the Emperor, the Emperor's spouse, or a designated Imperial Family principal for whom the appointment is held, and the Sovereign's Fund solely to the extent otherwise lawfully available for the Emperor's personal expenses, used for voluntary allowances and private gifts;\n(b) public funds lawfully appropriated for actual administrative, ceremonial, domestic, or other non-intimate household work; and\n(c) reimbursement of documented expenses incurred on authorized official business.\nAn appointment does not create an automatic public salary or appropriation, and public payroll shall not be used to purchase private intimacy. A personal allowance shall not be calculated by the provision of sexual acts.\nSection 2: Lawful Work and Compensation\nWhere a Concubine separately undertakes paid household work, the written terms shall describe the actual duties, ordinary pay, hours or basis of payment, and responsible employer. Applicable minimum wages, working conditions, labor rights, and safeguards shall remain effective. A personal relationship alone does not constitute public employment.\nSection 3: Public Accounting\nThe Administration shall maintain records of authorized household expenditure, official wages, contracts, and reimbursements in the form ordinarily required by financial law. Private transfers shall not be misrepresented as government payroll. \nSection 4: Confidentiality, Oversight, and Complaints\nTitle 2, Chapter 33 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 5 immediately after Article 4, to read:\nArticle 5: Safeguards for Household Appointments\nSection 1: Records\nThe Office of Household Appointments shall preserve the written appointment, the holder's acceptance, the separate acknowledgement of each designated adult principal, later changes in designated principals, any lawful employment terms, relevant public payments, and notice of resignation or termination. Only necessary personal information shall be collected, subject to lawful access and retention safeguards.\nSection 2: Privacy\nNo public register of Concubines is required. Aggregate reporting of authorized public expenditure shall not disclose personal information unnecessarily. Officers shall not threaten disclosure or withhold identity documents to control a holder.\nSection 3: Independent Assistance\nA holder may seek legal assistance and report coercion, unfair treatment, unpaid earnings, or property interference without permission from household management. The State Labor Protection Administration retains jurisdiction over actual paid household work. \nSection 4: Administrative Directions\nThe Lord Chamberlain may issue lawful internal directions on staffing, premises, appointment records, and household expenditure.\nChapter 17 - Imperial Protection and Treason\nSection 1: Relationship to the Equality and Freedom-of-Expression Provisions\nThis Chapter protects the reigning Monarch, lawful Imperial succession, sovereign authority, and security of Imperial institutions. It establishes precisely defined treason offenses and offenses against Imperial authority without adding Imperial office or family membership to the protected grounds in Title 1, Chapter 7, Article 2.\nMembers of the Imperial Family retain the ordinary legal protections available to every person. Treason protects Imperial sovereignty and national security; the separate offenses against Imperial authority address threats, fraud, coercion, intimidation, and obstruction specified in this Chapter.\nSection 2: Treason, High Treason, and Constitutional First Degree Treason\nTitle 7, Chapter 7, Article 2 of the Civil Code is amended to read:\nArticle 2: Treason\nSection 1: Elements of Treason\nA person commits treason where, owing allegiance to the Totemian Empire, the person intentionally:\n(a) levies organized armed war against the reigning Monarch or Imperial Government;\n(b) knowingly adheres to an enemy power during war or armed conflict and provides substantial military, intelligence, logistical, financial, or operational aid;\n(c) knowingly assists a foreign state, foreign armed force, hostile intelligence service, or foreign-controlled operation with the purpose of overthrowing, violently coercing, territorially dismembering, or materially disabling the Totemian State;\n(d) organizes or directs an armed seizure of Imperial constitutional authority; or\n(e) intentionally participates in the assassination or attempted assassination of the reigning Monarch for the purpose of overthrowing, coercing, or disabling the Government.\nSection 2: Conduct Not Constituting Treason\nPrivate misconduct involving the Imperial Family, ordinary theft, ordinary property damage, destruction of an ordinary symbol, criticism, advocacy of lawful constitutional change, peaceful separatist advocacy, or another offense lacking the elements above does not constitute treason.\nSection 3: Punishment and Required Findings\nTreason may be punished by life imprisonment, exile, death where lawfully authorized, a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL, forfeiture authorized by law, permanent removal and disqualification from public or military office, and loss of connected privileges. The court shall identify the treasonous act and required purpose on the record.\nArticle 2: Treason and High Treason\nSection 1: Allegiance and General Elements\nTreason is an intentional betrayal of a duty of allegiance to the Totemian Empire through an act or mental state expressly specified in this Article. Allegiance is owed by a citizen, a serving civil or military officer, or another person subject to an express lawful oath or obligation of fidelity to the Empire. A foreign person does not owe allegiance solely by being present in, dealing with, or opposing the Empire, but remains subject to otherwise applicable criminal law.\nThe Government shall prove the person's allegiance, the prohibited act, the required purpose or knowledge, and every additional circumstance specified for that act beyond a reasonable doubt. Where this Article requires a substantial overt act, an unacted thought, wish, abstract plan, discussion, or mere association is insufficient.\nSection 2: High Treason and First Degree Treason\nHigh Treason, also called First Degree Treason for purposes of Article 11, Section 3 of the Constitution, is committed where a person owing allegiance intentionally:\n(a) levies, organizes, commands, or materially directs armed war against the Emperor, the Imperial Government, or the lawful constitutional order for the purpose of overthrowing or unlawfully seizing sovereign authority;\n(b) organizes, commands, or materially directs an armed coup or violent seizure of an Imperial organ exercising sovereign authority;\n(c) intentionally kills, attempts to kill, or materially participates in an actual scheme to kill the reigning Emperor, the lawfully designated Heir to the Throne, or another person in the lawful line of succession, with the specific purpose of overthrowing or coercing the Imperial Government or unlawfully changing the succession, and takes a substantial overt act to carry out that purpose;\n(d) knowingly gives substantial military, intelligence, logistical, financial, or operational assistance to an enemy power or foreign-directed armed operation for the purpose of accomplishing an act described in paragraph (a), (b), or (c); or\n(e) while exercising governing authority on behalf of a Kingdom or Governorate, knowingly authorizes, proclaims, or gives operative effect to a purported unilateral independence or withdrawal of that government's territory or governing institutions from Imperial sovereignty without first genuinely consulting the Emperor concerning the proposed separation and possible compromises, as required by Article 11, Section 3 of the Constitution;\n(f) intentionally compasses, imagines, contemplates, or wishes for the death of the reigning Monarch, the Monarch's lawful spouse, the Monarch's eldest child, or the lawfully designated Heir, whether or not the person communicates that thought, forms a plan, takes a preparatory act, or attempts to bring about the death; or\n(g) knowingly engages in sexual conduct with the reigning Monarch's lawful spouse, knowing the spouse's status and knowing that the reigning Monarch did not give express prior oral or written authorization, or that such authorization had been withdrawn.\nFor paragraph (e), an official resolution, proclamation, order, transfer of asserted sovereign powers, or comparable official act intended to effect unilateral separation is required. A request for consultation, public discussion, advocacy, lawful petition, or proposal presented for constitutional consideration does not alone constitute such an act. Where consultation has occurred, this paragraph does not independently confer a right to secede or impair the Emperor's constitutional authority.\nThe terms High Treason and First Degree Treason are equivalent classifications under this Article. The constitutional rule concerning a Kingdom or Governorate's unilateral independence remains applicable, subject to the elements and protections stated in this Article and any superior constitutional requirement.\nSection 3: Treason Other Than High Treason\nA person owing allegiance commits treason, without committing High Treason unless Section 2 is also proved, where the person intentionally:\n(a) during war or armed conflict knowingly adheres to an enemy power and provides substantial military, intelligence, logistical, financial, or operational aid;\n(b) knowingly assists a foreign state, hostile intelligence service, armed force, or foreign-directed operation with the specific purpose of violently coercing, territorially dismembering, or materially disabling the Imperial State;\n(c) obtains, supplies, or discloses protected military, intelligence, or operational information to an enemy power, hostile intelligence service, foreign-directed armed operation, or agent thereof, with the purpose of facilitating hostile action, jeopardizing an Imperial military or security operation, or materially impairing the Empire's defense;\n(d) knowingly delivers nonpublic locations, coordinates, access credentials, defense vulnerabilities, deployments, troop movements, mobilization orders, plans, targets, intelligence sources, logistics routes, operational timings, or comparable protected information concerning an Imperial residence, protected settlement, military installation, government base, defense position, armed force, convoy, or planned or ongoing military or security operation to a hostile power or agent, intending to assist hostile action or knowing that disclosure will materially assist the enemy or jeopardize the conduct or outcome of an Imperial operation;\n(e) intentionally commits, directs, or materially assists a grave violent offense against the Emperor, the Emperor's lawful spouse or Imperial Consort, the eldest child of the Emperor, the designated Heir, or the Heir's spouse, with the specific purpose of coercing Imperial sovereign authority, fraudulently altering lawful succession, or materially disabling Imperial government; or\n(f) organizes or materially assists military mutiny, desertion, or armed insurgency specifically to facilitate enemy operations or the unlawful seizure of Imperial sovereign authority.\nWhere the conduct also satisfies Section 2, it shall be classified and sentenced as High Treason, not separately punished as ordinary treason for the same conduct and harm. A violent or sexual offense against an Imperial Family member does not become treason merely because of that person's family relationship, except where the independent elements of Section 2, paragraph (g), or the sovereign-directed purpose under this Section are proved.\nSection 4: Planning, Attempt, and Assistance\nAttempt, conspiracy, solicitation, preparation, and assistance are governed by Title 7, Chapter 1 unless this Article expressly defines completed treasonous conduct. Material assistance requires knowing participation in the prohibited objective and a substantial connection to its execution. Ordinary association or routine services without the required knowledge or purpose shall not establish treason.\nFor Section 2, paragraph (c), a substantial overt act must move materially beyond wish, fantasy, or mere preparation toward the planned killing. The criminal-attempt provisions of Title 7, Chapter 1 apply to a separate attempt charge as appropriate, subject to the rule against duplicate punishment.\nSection 5: Conduct Not Constituting Treason\nExpression, petition, or political activity shall not constitute treason unless the specific prohibited act or mental state and all other elements required by Section 2 or 3 are established.\nPrivate relationships, ordinary misconduct, and offenses unrelated to Imperial sovereignty shall be charged under their applicable provisions unless the elements of Section 2, paragraph (g), or another expressly defined treason offense are established.\nCommunications and publications may be evidence of planning, direction, recruitment, or operational assistance when connected to prohibited treasonous conduct; their viewpoint alone does not establish the offense.\nSection 6: Definitions\nAn enemy power is a foreign state, armed organization, or hostile command engaged in actual armed conflict with the Empire, or a foreign-directed armed operation against it. Nationality, residence, criticism of the Empire, or a foreign political affiliation alone does not establish enemy status.\nProtected operational information includes nonpublic coordinates, bases, entrances, routes, communications, positions, force strengths, deployment and battle plans, intelligence sources, vulnerabilities, supply arrangements, targeting information, and the timing or location of planned or active military or security operations. Such information is protected where lawfully restricted or where its nonpublic character and material security significance are apparent from the circumstances; publication of an already lawfully released fact does not by itself constitute treason.\nFor this Article, the reigning Emperor includes the lawful reigning Monarch regardless of title or sex. A recognized successor or heir is one established by the Constitution or a lawful Imperial designation. A constitutional reference to a Kingdom or Governorate shall not be construed to impose individual criminal guilt upon every resident, voter, officer, or member of that constituent government.\nSection 7: Punishment According to Degree\nHigh Treason under Section 2, paragraphs (a) through (d), (f), and (g), is punishable by imprisonment for a term of 15 years to life, a fine not exceeding 5,000,000 SL, permanent removal and disqualification from public or military office, forfeiture and confiscation as provided below, and exile for a fixed term or permanently where approved by the Emperor. Where the offense involves intentional killing, an attempted assassination, grave lethal violence, or knowing assistance to hostile forces causing substantial loss of life or catastrophic military defeat, the court may impose the death penalty where constitutionally authorized and subject to the required Imperial assent.\nHigh Treason under Section 2, paragraph (e), standing alone and without the violent or enemy-assisted elements of paragraphs (a) through (d), is punishable by imprisonment for a term of 10 to 40 years, a fine not exceeding 2,000,000 SL, removal from office, permanent disqualification from the offices through which the offense was committed, and confiscation or exile where lawfully imposed. Death shall not be imposed solely on the nonviolent act described in paragraph (e).\nTreason under Section 3, without the additional elements of High Treason, is punishable by imprisonment for a term of 5 to 30 years, a fine not exceeding 2,000,000 SL, confiscation or forfeiture as provided below, and permanent disqualification from public or military office. Where the offense is committed during war or active hostilities and knowingly causes the loss of a major military operation, the capture or destruction of Imperial forces or a vital defense installation, or substantial casualties, imprisonment for 10 years to life may be imposed. Distinct offenses may retain their separately authorized penalties, but the same conduct and injury shall not be punished twice.\nFollowing conviction, the court may order restitution and confiscation of instruments, proceeds, accounts, weapons, equipment, property, and other assets used, supplied, intended for use, or obtained in the treasonous act. For High Treason the court may additionally confiscate the convicted person's other assets, including the entirety of nonessential property, upon specific findings concerning culpability and harm, without confiscating property lawfully owned by an innocent third party. Investigative seizures require lawful authority and compliance with constitutional warrant protections. Execution, exile, and long imprisonment shall comply with the Constitution's requirements for Imperial assent. The court shall record the acts, classification, aggravating findings, penalties, and property interests affected.\nSection 8: Proof, Classification, and Nonduplication\nA charge shall identify the particular paragraph of Section 2 or 3, the acts alleged, the required intent, and the basis of any claim to High Treason. The court shall record the proved elements and the precise classification. The same offense shall not be simultaneously sentenced as High Treason and ordinary treason.\nThe distinct constitutional procedures governing impeachment remain in force. An impeachment finding does not of itself establish a criminal conviction, and a criminal conviction does not dispense with a constitutionally required impeachment procedure.\nSection 9: Correctional Reeducation and Administration\nUpon conviction of High Treason, the sentencing court shall order correctional reeducation during imprisonment in accordance with Title 2, Chapter 28, Article 12 of the Civil Code, unless execution, genuine incapacity, or another lawful circumstance renders participation impossible. The order shall specify a program lasting 6 to 24 months, with scheduled instruction of 2 to 8 hours per week while the offender remains in lawful custody.\nFor other treason convictions, the court may order a program lasting 3 to 12 months within the offender's existing custodial sentence. The court may also order such a program for an offense under Article 21 where imprisonment is imposed and the circumstances warrant correctional education. Instruction may concern Vasili Thought, Totemian history and identity, the Imperial system, lawful conduct, ethics, duties of public allegiance, the consequences of the offense, and preparation for lawful reintegration.\nThe General Directorate shall supervise educational content and assessment only. The competent Civil Corrections Administration or Military Corrections Service shall retain custody, discipline, movement, and release authority. The program shall not independently authorize detention, extend imprisonment, replace a court's sentence, or permit an educational authority to impose a separate criminal penalty. Any required Imperial assent to the sentence shall remain applicable.\nSection 3: Military Desertion and Mutiny\nTitle 7, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 20 immediately after Article 19, Public Compensation Abuse, and before Chapter 8, to read:\nArticle 20: Military Desertion and Mutiny\nSection 1: Desertion\nA serving member of the Armed Forces or another lawfully commissioned military command commits desertion by intentionally abandoning an assigned post, unit, or active military service obligation without lawful authority and with the purpose of evading military service or a specific lawful military operation.\nSection 2: Mutiny\nA serving member commits mutiny by knowingly organizing, leading, or materially participating in a concerted refusal of lawful military command involving force, a credible threat of force, seizure of command facilities, or unlawful displacement of a commanding officer, with the purpose of materially disabling lawful military authority.\nSection 3: Ordinary Penalties\nDesertion or mutiny under Section 1 or 2 is punishable by a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL, imprisonment for a term not exceeding 5 years, military discharge, and disqualification from military service or command for a definite term. A person who organizes or commands an armed mutiny involving seizure of a command facility may be sentenced to imprisonment for up to 15 years.\nSection 4: Aggravated Penalties\nWhere desertion or mutiny occurs during active war or combat, knowingly abandons forces under attack, exposes a defense position to enemy capture, or causes a major military operational failure, but the distinct elements of treason are not proved, imprisonment for a term of 5 to 25 years, a fine not exceeding 1,000,000 SL, and permanent military disqualification may be imposed. Where treason is independently proved, Article 2 shall govern without duplicate punishment for the same conduct and injury.\nSection 5: Protected Military Conduct and Separate Crimes\nAuthorized leave, lawful discharge, genuine incapacity, refusal of a manifestly unlawful order, and good-faith reporting or petition without prohibited intent do not constitute desertion or mutiny. Military rank, disobedience, or departure alone does not establish treason. Treason requires separate proof under Article 2. A person shall not receive duplicate punishment for the same conduct and harm.\nSection 4: Offenses Against Imperial Authority\nTitle 7, Chapter 7 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Article 21 immediately after Article 20, to read:\nArticle 21: Offenses Against Imperial Authority\nSection 1: Nature and Purpose of the Offense\nAn offense against Imperial authority is an act expressly prohibited by this Article against the lawful dignity, security, or authority of the reigning Monarch. Hostility toward the Monarch's Imperial office or an Imperial Family member's official or succession status may establish a required motive where specifically stated in this Article, but is not by itself an independent offense, a new protected ground under Title 1, Chapter 7, or a presumption of unlawful intent.\nSection 2: Prohibited Conduct\nA person commits an offense against Imperial authority where that person knowingly and intentionally:\n(a) communicates a credible threat of serious violence, kidnapping, or unlawful confinement against the reigning Emperor, the Emperor's lawful spouse or Imperial Consort, or the designated Heir with the purpose of coercing Imperial official action or lawful succession, where the further elements of treason are not proved;\n(b) by force, a credible threat of force, or fraudulent assertion of sovereign power materially obstructs a lawful Imperial audience, accession, succession ceremony, or official exercise of the Emperor's constitutional authority;\n(c) falsely impersonates the reigning Emperor or knowingly issues or deploys a counterfeit Imperial Order or purported sovereign instruction, with the purpose of obtaining obedience, property, access to protected premises, or the unlawful exercise of governmental authority;\n(d) organizes or personally carries out a coordinated course of stalking, serious intimidation, or targeted threats against a person specified in paragraph (a) because of that person's Imperial office or succession status, intending to cause serious fear for personal safety and thereby causing such fear reasonably in the circumstances; or\n(e) unlawfully takes, destroys, or falsifies the official Imperial Standard, Great Seal, or a sovereign instrument for the specific purpose of obstructing accession, usurping official authority, or preventing the lawful exercise of a constitutional power.\nEach paragraph requires proof of the particular prohibited conduct and intent; a belief that someone has insulted the Emperor or Imperial Family is insufficient.\nSection 3: Penalties\nAn offense under Section 2 is punishable by imprisonment for a term of 2 to 10 years, a fine not exceeding 500,000 SL, and confiscation of counterfeit sovereign instruments, weapons, or property used in the offense, where lawfully ordered.\nWhere the offender uses a weapon, organizes several participants to intimidate or obstruct, employs serious violence or unlawful confinement, or knowingly breaches a protective court order in committing the offense, imprisonment for 5 to 25 years and a fine not exceeding 1,000,000 SL may instead be imposed. A single aggravating circumstance shall not be counted twice.\nThe court may also impose a prohibition on approaching protected Imperial premises or persons, a definite-term ban on holding public office, restitution for harm, and other lawful connected remedies. Exile or additional imprisonment requiring Imperial assent remains subject to the Constitution.\nSection 4: Protected Expression and Private Relations\nExpression or a consensual private relationship alone does not establish an offense under this Article without the prohibited threat, fraud, coercion, intimidation, or obstruction required by Section 2.\nExisting rules concerning political propaganda, defamation, harassment, impersonation, and other defined offenses continue to apply according to their own elements. This Article does not create an offense based solely on disrespect.\nSection 5: Relationship to Treason and Other Offenses\nWhere conduct satisfies the distinct elements of treason, murder, rape, assault, stalking, forgery, obstruction, or another offense, the appropriate provision may be charged. A court shall not impose duplicate punishment for the same conduct and legal injury. Offenses against a private individual do not become offenses against Imperial authority solely because the person is related to the reigning Monarch; the connection to Imperial office, succession, or sovereign authority specified in Section 2 must be established.\nSection 5: Protected Coordinates and State Locations\nTitle 7, Chapter 7, Article 6 of the Civil Code is amended by inserting Section 4 immediately after Section 3, to read:\nSection 4: Protected Defense Locations and Operational Information\nFor the purposes of this Article, protected state information includes nonpublic coordinates, locations, routes, entrances, access credentials, defensive positions, troop or fleet movements, deployment schedules, unit strengths, weapons systems, supply routes, intelligence sources, communications vulnerabilities, operational orders, battle plans, targets, and the timing and location of planned, active, or sensitive recently completed military, intelligence, or security operations. This includes information relating to a protected Imperial residence, settlement, military installation, government base, convoy, armed force, defense position, or other security-sensitive facility or operation. Protection applies where information is lawfully restricted or where its nonpublic character and material significance to the safety, execution, success, or outcome of an operation, battle, campaign, or war are apparent. Actual battlefield defeat or civilian use of a location is not required.\nIntentional disclosure or transfer to an unauthorized recipient is punishable under Article 6, Section 1, when the person knows the protected character of the information and that the disclosure creates a substantial risk of serious harm to national defense, intelligence or military operations, protected personnel, or the likely outcome of an operation or war. When the further allegiance, hostile-recipient, and purpose or knowing-enemy-assistance elements of Article 2, Section 3, paragraph (c) or (d), are established, the same disclosure may constitute treason. Separate punishment shall not be imposed twice for the same conduct and injury. Information already lawfully and officially released to the public does not become restricted merely because it concerns a base or Imperial residence.\nEND OF BILL","exports":{"json":"/api/parliament/bills/32/export.json","md":"/api/parliament/bills/32/export.md","txt":"/api/parliament/bills/32/export.txt","pdf":"/api/parliament/bills/32/export.pdf","docx":"/api/parliament/bills/32/export.docx"}}}